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Kreativität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Asperger Syndrom

Published Online:December 03, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000126

Abstract

Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die systematische Erfassung der Kreativitätsleistung bei 5- bis 14-jährigen Jungen mit Asperger Syndrom im Vergleich mit einer gesunden Kontrollgruppe (je n=24). Untersucht wurden sowohl quantitative Kreativitätsaspekte (Ideenflüssigkeit, Ideenflexibilität) als auch qualitative Kreativitätsaspekte (Originalität) bei zwei Altersgruppen (jüngere Kinder: 5 – 9 Jahre, ältere Kinder/Jugendliche: 10 – 14 Jahre). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei Kindern/Jugendlichen mit Asperger Syndrom primär die quantitativen Aspekte der Kreativität beeinträchtigt sind (Ideenflüssigkeit und -flexibilität bei gleichbleibenden Items aus dem 5-Punkte Test), während die Kreativitätsleistung bei den abwechslungsreicheren Bildergänzungsaufgaben des Torrance Test of Creative Thinking, bei denen die Qualität/Originalität im Vordergrund steht, unbeeinträchtigt ist. In unserer Stichproben waren die Alterseffekte signifikant (jüngere Kinder zeigten schlechtere Leistungen), aber über die Gruppen vergleichbar (d. h. die Interaktionseffekte waren nicht signifikant). Im Sinne einer ressourcenorientierten Diagnostik, die für eine maßgeschneiderte Interventionsplanung unerlässlich ist, sollten also zusätzlich zu den quantitativen auch die qualitativen Aspekte kreativer und exekutiver Denkleistungen erfasst werden.


Creativity in children and adolescents with Asperger syndrome

The aim of the present study was the systematic investigation of creativity in 5 to 14-year-old children/adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared to typically developing controls (each n = 24). Both quantitative (ideational fluency and flexibility) and qualitative creativity aspects (originality of generated ideas) in two age groups (5 to 9 year olds vs. 10 to14year olds) were examined. Our findings revealed that children/adolescents with Asperger syndrome compared with controls displayed impaired performance only on quantitative creativity aspects (i. e., ideational fluency and flexibility as indexed by the 5-point test) while more qualitative aspects of creativity were largely unimpaired (i. e., originality as indexed by the picture completion subtest of the Torrance tests of creative thinking [TTCT]). Moreover, age effects were significant in both groups (younger children performing worse) but were comparable across groups. Overall, our results are novel and clinically important as they indicate that creativity assessments of Asperger syndrome should include both quantitative and qualitative aspects of creativity.

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