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Originalia

Die körperdysmorphe Störung

Symptomatik und evidenzbasierte Behandlung

Published Online:September 06, 2013https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000210

Abstract

Charakteristisch für die körperdysmorphe Störung (KDS) ist eine übermäßige Beschäftigung mit einem wahrgenommenen Makel oder Defekt im körperlichen Aussehen (z. B. Hautunreinheiten, Falten, Asymmetrien im Gesichtsbereich), die mit einer signifikanten Beeinträchtigung im sozialen und/oder beruflichen Leben einhergeht. Menschen, die an einer KDS leiden, zeigen ritualisierte Verhaltensweisen (z. B. überprüfen sie ihr Äußeres immer wieder in Spiegeln) und leiden zudem häufig unter Angst vor negativer Bewertung sowie Vorstellungen, dass andere Personen negativ über ihr Aussehen sprechen. Aktuelle Studien zur Prävalenz der KDS in der Allgemeinbevölkerung weisen auf eine Punkt-Prävalenz von ca. 2 % hin (Geschlechterverhältnis: ca. 60 % Frauen versus 40 % Männer). Bei der psychotherapeutischen Behandlung der KDS haben sich kognitiv-behaviorale Psychotherapieansätze bewährt. Dennoch liegen derzeit zu wenig randomisiert-kontrollierte Psychotherapiestudien vor, um evidenzbasierte Handlungsempfehlungen zur Psychotherapie geben zu können.


Body dysmorphic disorder-symptomatology and evidence based treatment

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is characterized by a preoccupation with perceived flaws or defects in one’s own physical appearance (e. g., facial asymmetries, skin concerns, wrinkles), which leads to significant distress or impairment in the individual’s social or job functioning. BDD is further characterized by strong fears of negative evaluation by others and ideas of reference that others take special notice of the perceived appearance flaw. Ritualistic behaviors such as mirror checking or comparing one’s own appearance with that of other people are also common in BDD. Recent prevalence studies indicate that the point prevalence of BDD in the general population is about 2 % with a female/male gender ratio of 60/40. Further, there is a growing body of research indicating that cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective in treating BDD. The current paper intends to provide an overview unique symptomatology of BDD as well as a critical overview of the current status of cognitive-behavioral intervention studies, as there is currently still a lack of randomized controlled intervention studies.

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