Abstract
One cannot predict the future of the sciences or that of psychology. The question “What’s next?” gives reason to think about which principles to which psychology has developed. In analyzing the historical development of psychology, one should differentiate between basic psychological research, psychological technology, and the structure of institutions. Historical changes of psychology occur slowly and continuously. These continuous changes are obviously a foil for short-term changes that we can refer to as discontinuities. The complex pattern of continuities and discontinuities is based on very different conditions. External and internal causes of the changes in the history of psychology are discussed.
References
(1997 [ca. 330 BC]). Über die Seele [
On the soul ]. Hamburg: Meiner.(2003 [397 AD]). Bekenntnisse [
Confessions ]. Stuttgart: Reclam.(1991). Human memory. Theory and practice. Hove: Erlbaum.
(1932). Remembering. A study in experimental and social psychology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
(1890). Mental tests and measurements. Mind, 15, 373–381.
(1957). Personality and motivation, structure and measurement. New York: World Book Co.
(1959). Review: Verbal behavior, by B.F. Skinner. Language, 35, 26–58.
(1972). Language and mind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
(2001 [1637]). Über den Menschen [
On people ]. Heidelberg: Schneider.(1908). Abriss der Psychologie [
Psychology: An elementary textbook ]. Leipzig: Veith.(1860). Elemente der Psychophysik [
Elements of psychophysics ] (Vol,2). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel.(1978). Ökologische Perspektiven in der Psychologie [
Ecological perspectives in psychology ]. Bern: Huber.(1985). Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus [
Psychology in National Socialism ]. Berlin: Springer.(1990). Hindsight: Biased judgments of past events after the outcomes are known. Psychological Bulletin, 197, 311–327.
(1965). Bericht über den 24.Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Wien [
Report on the 24th Congress of the German Society for Psychology in Vienna ]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.(1848). Psychologie als Wissenschaft, neu gegründet auf Erfahrung, Metaphysik und Mathematik [
Psychology as science, newly grounded on experience, metaphysics, and mathematics ] (Vol. 2). Königsberg: Unzer.(1976). Ganzheitspsychologie und Gestalttheorie [
Holistic psychology and gestalt theory ]. In , Die Psychologie des 20. Jahrhunderts, Bd.1: Die europäische Tradition [Psychology of the 20th century, Vol. 1: The European tradition ] (pp. 573–658). Zürich: Kindler.(1979). Psychologie als Problem [
Psychology as problem ]. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.(1991). Lehrbuch der empirischen Persönlichkeitsforschung [
Handbook of empirical personality research ] (6th ed.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.(2007 [1748]). Eine Untersuchung über den menschlichen Verstand [
An enquiry concerning human understanding ]. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.(2002 [1766]). Träume eines Geistersehers, erläutert durch Träume der Metaphysik [
Dreams of a spirit seer ]. Stuttgart: Reclam.(1934). Bericht über den 13.Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Leipzig [
Report of the 13th Congress of the German Society of Psychology in Leipzig ]. Jena: Fischer.(2004). Otto Friedrich Bollnow. Ein pädagogisches Portrait [
Otto Friedrich Bollnow. An educational portrait ]. Weinheim: Beltz.(2006). Psychological knowledge. A social history and philosophy. London: Routledge.
(1984 [1802ff.]). Aphorismen [
Aphorisms ]. Stuttgart: Reclam..(2000 [1690]). Versuch über den menschlichen Verstand [
An essay concerning human understanding ]. Hamburg: Meiner.(2004). 100 Jahre Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychologie [
A 100 years German Society for Psychology ]. Psychologische Rundschau (Sonderheft), 55.(1925). Das Problem einer Soziologie des Wissens [
The problem of a sociology of science ]. Archiv für Sozialwissenschaften und Sozialpolitik, 53, 577–652.(1948). Psychologie der Intelligenz [
Psychology of intelligence ]. Zürich: Rascher.(1803). Rhapsodieen über die Anwendung der psychischen Curmethode auf Geisteszerrüttungen [
Rhapsodies over the use of psychic curative methods with the mentally disturbed ]. Halle: Curtsche Buchhandlung.(1975). Family resemblances: Studies in the internal structure of categories. Cognitive Psychology, 7, 573–605.
(1977). The representation of knowledge in memory. In , Schooling and the acquisition of knowledge (pp. 99–135). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
(1904). Bericht über den 1.Kongress für experimentelle Psychologie in Gießen [
Report of the 1st Congress for Experimental Psychology in Gießen ]. Leipzig: Barth.(1913). Über die Gesetze des geordneten Denkverlaufs [
On the laws of ordered thought processes ]. Stuttgart: Speemann.(1999). Avicenna. München: Beck.
(1954). Bericht über den 19.Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie in Köln [
Report on the 19th Congress of the German Society for Psychology ]. Göttingen: Hogrefe.(1894). Geschichte und Naturwissenschaft [
History and the natural sciences ]. Straßburg: Heitz.(1898). Grundriss der Psychologie [
Outline of psychology ]. Stuttgart: Kröner.
