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Open AccessOriginalarbeit

Die Rolle elternbeurteilter exekutiver Funktionen zur Schulleistungsprognose

Published Online:February 10, 2021https://doi.org/10.1024/2235-0977/a000334

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Einleitung: Unter dem Begriff exekutive Funktionen (EF) werden häufig die Komponenten Inhibition, kognitive Flexibilität und Aktualisierung von Arbeitsgedächtnisrepräsentationen subsumiert. EF sind bereichsübergreifende Prädiktoren schulischer Leistungen. Verschiedene Operationalisierungen derselben Komponente, z.B. Performanztests und Elterneinschätzungen, zeigen häufig nur geringe Interkorrelationen. Die Methoden scheinen unterschiedliche Aspekte einer Komponente zu erfassen, daher könnte eine Kombination zur Vorhersage schulischer Leistungen sinnvoll sein. Methode: N = 96 Erst- und Zweitklässler_innen mit und ohne Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten wurden mittels EF-Performanztests und Schulleistungstests zu Mathematik und Lesen untersucht. Per Fragebogen wurden elternbeurteilte EF und als Kontrollvariablen der sozioökonomische Status (SÖS) und das Vorliegen von Merkmalen einer Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) erfasst. Ergebnisse: Elternbeurteilungen hatten über die Performanztests hinaus einen bedeutsamen Vorhersagewert für die Mathematik- und Leseleistung. Der Einfluss von Alter, SÖS und ADHS-Merkmalen wurde kontrolliert. Diskussion: Die kombinierte Anwendung beider Erfassungsmethoden scheint somit vorteilhaft für die Prognose schulischer Leistungen und die Prävention von Schulleistungsproblemen.


The Role of Parent-Rated Executive Functions as Predictors of School Performance

Abstract.Introduction: The term „executive functions“ (EF) often embraces inhibition, cognitive flexibility and working memory updating. EF are domain-general predictors of scholastic performance. Different operationalisations of the same component, e.g., individual tests and parent ratings, often show weak interrelations. This indicates that different methods measure different aspects of an EF component. A combination of operationalisation methods might thus enhance the prediction of school performance. Method: N = 96 1st and 2nd graders with typical/atypical development were tested with individual EF tests, as well as mathematics and reading tests. Parent-rated EF, socio-economic status (SES) and ADHD symptoms (as control variables) were assessed with a questionnaire. Results: Parent ratings improve the prediction of mathematics and reading performance over and above individual tests. Age, SES and ADHD symptoms were controlled. Discussion: Combining both EF operationalisations provides benefits for prognosis and prevention of scholastic achievement problems.

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