Entwicklung und Validierung der Online-Privatheitskompetenzskala (OPLIS)
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Online-Privatheitskompetenz gilt in der medienpsychologischen Forschung als wichtiger Einflussfaktor auf das Privatheitsverhalten in Online-Umgebungen. Eine Skala zur Erfassung dieser Kompetenz fehlt jedoch. Ziel dieser Arbeit war entsprechend die Entwicklung und Validierung einer umfassenden Skala zur Messung von Online-Privatheitskompetenz. In Vorarbeiten wurden anhand einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse die Dimensionen des Konstrukts identifiziert (Trepte et al., 2015). Darauf aufbauend wurde aus 113 Wissensfragen eine aus 20 Fragen bestehende Skala entwickelt, die vier Wissensbereiche abdeckt: Wissen über 1) institutionelle Praktiken, 2) technische Aspekte des Datenschutzes, 3) Datenschutzrecht und 4) Datenschutzstrategien. Die Ergebnisse von drei konsekutiven Studien sprechen für ein Bi-Faktor-Modell, wobei der globale Faktor die Online-Privatheitskompetenz widerspiegelt. Die Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität wurde anhand einer Quotenstichprobe deutscher Internetnutzender (N = 1 945) überprüft: Der globale Faktor korrelierte positiv mit der subjektiven Kompetenzeinschätzung der Probandinnen und Probanden und erwies sich als angemessener Prädiktor für die Umsetzung unterschiedlicher Datenschutzmaßnahmen.
Abstract. Online privacy literacy has been regarded as an important antecedent of online privacy behavior. However, a scale measuring literacy is missing. Hence, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive scale to measure online privacy literacy. Relevant dimensions of the concept were identified in a prior study using a qualitative content analysis (Trepte et al., 2015). Based on these findings, an initial item pool with 113 knowledge questions was used to develop a 20-item scale, including four dimensions, that is, knowledge about (a) institutional practices, (b) technical aspects of data protection, (c) the data protection law, and (d) data protection strategies. The results from three consecutive studies suggest a bifactor structure, in which online privacy literacy is represented by the global factor. We tested the construct and criterion validity in a quota sample of German Internet users (N = 1 945): The global factor correlated positively with subjective privacy literacy and proved to be an adequate predictor of the implementation of data protection measures.
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