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Open AccessOriginalarbeit

Die 5-Item-Skala zur Messung der momentan verfügbaren Selbstkontrollkapazität (SMS-5) im Lern- und Leistungskontext

Eine Validierungsstudie

Published Online:June 06, 2019https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000230

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In Leistungssituationen sind Personen angehalten Selbstkontrolle aufzuwenden, um ihre Aufmerksamkeit, Gedanken und Emotionen zielgerichtet zu regulieren. Selbstkontrolle wird als begrenzte mentale Kapazität betrachtet, die situativen Fluktuationen unterliegt und sich kurzfristig erschöpfen kann. In dieser Validierungsstudie stellen wir eine 5-Item-Skala zur Messung der momentan verfügbaren Selbstkontrollkapazität (SMS-5) basierend auf der State Self-Control Capacity Scale (SSCCS) vor, mit dem Ziel auch in kurzen zeitlichen Abständen intra- und interindividuelle Variabilitäten der momentan verfügbaren Selbstkontrollkapazität (d. h. die Ausprägung der empfundenen mentalen Erschöpfung) ökonomisch abzubilden und externe Kriterien im Lern- und Leistungskontext valide vorherzusagen. Die interne Struktur der SMS-5 erwies sich in Stichproben von Auszubildenden (N = 2 395), Zehntklässlerinnen und Zehntklässlern (N = 129) und Studierenden (N = 95; N = 140) als eindimensional. Zusammenfassend zeichnete sich die SMS-5 als valides, reliables, über Ausbildungsgruppen, Geschlecht und Zeit invariantes und änderungssensitives Instrument zur ökonomischen Messung der momentan verfügbaren Selbstkontrollkapazität im Lern- und Leistungskontext ab, das gegenüber der SSCCS in der Vorhersage externer Kriterien vergleichbar gut abschnitt. Die SMS-5 empfiehlt sich besonders, um durch kurzfristig wiederholte Messungen, Veränderungen der Selbstkontrollkapazität im zeitlichen Verlauf von Lern- und Leistungshandlungen abzubilden.


Measuring Self-Control Depletion in Achievement Situations: A Validation of the 5-Item Brief State Self-Control Capacity Scale

Abstract. In achievement situations, individuals need to invest self-control in order to regulate their attention, thoughts, and emotions in a goal-directed manner. Research suggests that exerting self-control leads to decreasing self-control performance over time as a result of the short-term depletion of individuals’ state self-control capacity. In four studies, we validated a new version – the 5-item scale for measuring the momentary self-control capacity (SMS-5; English version available in Table 1) – of Ciarocco’s State Self-Control Capacity Scale (SSCCS) to assess changes in people’s perceived state self-control capacity (i.e., degree of perceived mental exhaustion) in achievement situations. Drawing on German samples of apprentices in vocational education and training (N = 2,395), tenth-graders (N = 129), and university students (N = 95; N = 140), we replicated the unidimensional internal structure of the SMS-5. Moreover, measurement invariance was supported for different groups of apprentices, for gender, and over time. The SMS-5 performed as well as the SSCCS in predicting achievement-related outcome variables and is a viable option for repeatedly assessing individuals’ perceived state self-control capacity and for tracking mental exhaustion over time.

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