Abrufeffekte im Gedächtnis: Ein Überblick zur aktuellen Grundlagenforschung
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Der Frage, wie Erinnern das Gedächtnis formt, wurde in der Kognitiven Psychologie in letzter Zeit große Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet. Testungseffekte, die in einer durch Gedächtnisabruf in der Folge verbesserten Zugänglichkeit von Gedächtniseinträgen bestehen, wurden in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere auch hinsichtlich ihres pädagogischen Potentials diskutiert. Neben erleichterter Zugänglichkeit kann Gedächtnisabruf allerdings auch Vergessen nicht abgerufener Information verursachen. Der aktuelle Stand der Grundlagenforschung zu Abrufeffekten wird in diesem Überblicksartikel dargestellt und eine integrative Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Arten von Abrufeffekten unter Berücksichtigung wichtiger Moderatorvariablen versucht.
Abstract. The question as to how retrieval shapes memory has received much attention in cognitive psychology recently. In particular, testing effects consisting of enhanced accessibility of memory representations as a consequence of memory retrieval have been discussed also with regard to their educational potential. However, besides enhanced accessibility, memory retrieval also can cause forgetting of non-retrieved information. Here, we describe the present state of basic research on retrieval effects and try to integrate different kinds of retrieval effects, with a special consideration of important moderator variables.
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