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Freier Beitrag

Geschlechts- und situationsspezifische Stressverarbeitung und Lebensqualität bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Published Online:November 27, 2017https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000244

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In der vorliegenden Studie sollten insbesondere die wenigen Befunde zum alleinigen Einfluss der Art der Belastungssituation und dessen kombinierte Einflüsse mit dem Geschlecht auf die Stressverarbeitung erweitert werden. Hierfür bearbeiteten N = 1 087 Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter zwischen 7 und 16 Jahren den Stressverarbeitungsfragebogen für Kinder und Jugendliche (SVF-KJ). Darüber hinaus wurde die Vorhersagekraft der situationsspezifischen Stressverarbeitung auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität an einer Teilstichprobe von N = 442 Kindern und Jugendlichen zwischen 9 und 16 Jahren untersucht. Die alleinigen Situationseinflüsse sprechen für erhöhte Ausprägungen in der Ablenkung, Situationskontrolle und Aggression für soziale Belastungssituationen. Mädchen verarbeiteten vor allem soziale Belastungssituationen ungünstig. Die Stressverarbeitung konnte die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität unter Kontrolle des Alters, Geschlechts, chronischer Erkrankungen und der psychischen Stressreaktivität signifikant vorhersagen. Die Befunde unterstützen erneut, geschlechtssensible, altersangepasste Gesundheitsförderprogramme im Kindes- und Jugendalter zu implementieren, die insbesondere die Bagatellisierung, positiven Selbstinstruktionen, Vermeidung und Resignation modifizieren sollten.


Gender and Situation-Specific Coping and Its Prediction of Quality of Life Among Children and Adolescents

Abstract. Prior research has shown that the increasing stressful experiences across childhood and adolescence are associated with impaired psychosocial adjustment. Thereby, girls in particular are faced with a higher number of stressful events in the transition to adolescence. Thus, evidence has been provided for an adverse, cost-intense coping pattern and decreased self-reported health-related quality of life (HrQoL) among girls. However, coping abilities have been found to moderate this demand–strain relationship, and increased maladaptive and decreased adaptive coping were related to the development of psychological symptoms. By contrast, there is little research on the effects of the type of stressful situation on coping and on the predictive effects of coping on HrQoL. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of gender and stress domain (interpersonal and academic stressors) on coping. In total, 1,087 children and adolescents aged 7 – 16 years were asked to complete the German Coping Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents in the classroom setting. This questionnaire assesses two adaptive coping styles represented by emotion-focused coping (minimization and distraction/recreation) and problem-focused coping (situation control, positive self-instructions, and social support) and a maladaptive coping style consisting of passive avoidance, rumination, resignation, and aggression. Moreover, the predictive effects of coping on HrQoL measured by the KIDSCREEN-27 were examined among a subsample of 442 pupils aged 9 – 16 years. In line with prior results, girls were characterized by a maladaptive coping pattern, showing decreased emotion-regulating strategies and positive self-instructions combined with increased maladaptive coping strategies. However, support-seeking was enhanced compared with boys. The main effects of the stress domain were ascertained in distraction, situation control, and aggression with an increased employment of coping strategies in response to interpersonal stressors. These results on situation-specific coping indicate the high relevance of interpersonal stressors for children and adolescents, who tend to apply a higher effort on interpersonal coping than on academic coping. The interaction effect on rumination indicated that girls employed more rumination in response to social stressors, supporting the notion that girls in particular are affected by interpersonal stressors and invest a higher effort to cope with these social stressors. Additionally, unfavorable influences of an increasing age on HrQoL were replicated, and physical and mental HrQoL was predicted by coping controlled for age, gender, chronic conditions, and mental stress reactivity. The results support the application of gender- and age-adjusted health-promoting interventions among children and adolescents. To improve HrQoL, modification of the coping strategies minimization, positive self-instructions, avoidance, and resignation is suggested.

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