Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Bisherige Befunde zeigen, dass Pornographienutzung einen Zusammenhang mit der Zufriedenheit in der Paarsexualität hat. Fragestellung: Um diesen Zusammenhang besser zu verstehen, soll diese Studie aufzeigen, welche Faktoren dabei von Bedeutung sind. Methode: Dafür wurden 18- bis 60-Jährige in einer Beziehung (N = 1’091) anhand eines Online-Fragebogens befragt. Ergebnisse: Sowohl die Häufigkeit der Pornographienutzung, als auch eine negative Einstellung und die Heimlichkeit weisen bei den jungen und Männern mittleren Alters einen negativen Zusammenhang mit der sexuellen Paarzufriedenheit auf. Bei den Frauen jeden Alters hat lediglich eine heimliche Nutzung einen negativen Zusammenhang mit der Paarsexualität. Schlussfolgerungen: Das bedeutet für die Beratung, dass auf die Häufigkeit der Nutzung und die Einstellung zu der Nutzung geachtet werden soll.
Abstract.Background: Findings show that pornography consumption correlates with satisfaction in couple sexuality. Objective: To better understand this relationship, this study shows which factors are important. Methods: For this purpose, we interviewed 18- to 60-year-old men and women (N = 1,091). Results: The frequency and secrecy of use of pornography as well as negative attitudes are negatively related to couple sexual satisfaction, especially among young and middle-aged men. Among women of all ages, only clandestine consumption has a negative association. Conclusions: This implies that in counseling attention should be paid to the frequency of use and attitudes toward use.
Literatur
2002). Reading porn: The paradigm shift in pornography research. Sexualities. 5 (1), 91 – 105. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460702005001005
(2017). Does exposure to erotica reduce attraction and love for romantic partners in men? Independent replications of Kenrick, Gutierres, and Goldberg (1989) study 2. J Exp Soc Psychol, 70(C), 191 – 197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.11.003
(2013). Was Paare stark macht (2. Auflage). Zürich: Beobachterverlag.
(2001). Sexuality, gender, and the couple: A sociohistorical perspective. Annual Review of Sex Research, 12 (1), 1 – 32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10532528.2001.10559792
(2015). Desire and dilemma–gender differences in German students’ consumption of pornography. Porn Studies, 2 (1), 76 – 92. https://doi.org/10.1080/23268743.2014.984923
(2003). Romantic partners’ use of pornography: Its significance for women. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 29 (1), 1 – 14. https://doi.org/10.1080/713847097
(2021). Pornographiekonsum in der Partnerschaft: Häufigkeit, Motivation und Einstellung des Konsums und deren Geschlechtsunterschiede [Pornography consumption in intimate relationships: Frequency, motivation, and attitude towards consumption and their gender differences]. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 50 (1), 10 – 20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000611
(2004). Understanding sexuality in close relationships from the social exchange perspective. In J. H. Harvey, A. Wenzel & S. Sprecher (Eds.), The handbook of sexuality in close relationships (pp. 203 – 234). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
(1999). Sexual satisfaction and sexual self‐disclosure within dating relationships. Journal of Sex Research, 36 (2), 180 – 189. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499909551983
(2005). Demographic characteristics of persons using pornography in three technological contexts. Sexuality & Culture, 9 (1), 28 – 48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02908761
(2005). Adolescents’ experience with sex on the web: Results from online focus groups. Journal of Adolescence, 28 (4), 535 – 540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2004.10.006
(2017). The porn gap: Differences in men’s and women’s pornography patterns in couple relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 146 – 163. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2016.1238796
(2021). The association between the quantity and severity of pornography use: A meta-analysis. J Sex Res, 1, 1 – 16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
(2000). Gender and reactions to a hypothetical relationship partner’s masturbation and use of sexually explicit media. Journal of Sex Research, 37, 133 – 141. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490009552030
(2009). Use of pornography in a random sample of Norwegian heterosexual couples. Arch Sex Behav, 38 (5), 746 – 753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-008-9314-4
(2003). Patterns of masturbatory behaviour: Changes between the sixties and the nineties. Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 14(2 – 3), 35 – 48. https://doi.org/10.1300/J056v14n02_04
(2010).
(Internetpornografie. Aktueller Diskussions- und Forschungsstand . In J. Metelmann (Hrsg.), Porno-Pop II (S. 159 – 182). Würzburg: Königshausen & Neumann.2011). Pornografie-Kompetenz: Definition und Förderung [Pornography competence: definition and promotion]. Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung 24 (3), 228 – 255.
(2016). The longitudinal association of relationship satisfaction and sexual satisfaction in long-term relationships. Journal of Family Psychology, 30 (7), 822 – 831. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000205
(2010). Porno im Web 2.0. Die Bedeutung sexualisierter Web-Inhalte in der Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen . Berlin: Vistas.
(2011). Perceived consequences of casual online sexual activities on heterosexual relationships: A U.S. online survey. Arch Sex Behav, 40 (2), 429 – 439. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-010-9598-z
(2013). Pornography, relationship alternatives, and intimate extradyadic behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4 (6), 699 – 704. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550613480821
(2007). Pornography consumption: A study of prevalence rates, Consumption Patterns, and Effects. Århus: Psykologisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet.
(2008). Self-perceived effects of pornography consumption. Arch Sex Behav, 37 (4), 614 – 625. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-007-9212-1
(2011). Pornografiekonsum bei Jugendlichen. Zeitschrift für Sexualforschung, 24 (4), 379 – 396. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1283844
(2011). The scientific American book of love, sex and the brain: The neuroscience of how, when, why and who we love. Scientific American.
(1992). Deutsche Validierung des “Marital Satisfaction Inventory” (MSI) von Snyder (1981). System Familie, 5, 10 – 21.
(2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guildford Press: New York.
(2017). Perceived effects of pornography on the couple relationship: Initial findings of open-ended, participant-informed, “bottom-up” research. Arch Sex Behav, 46 (2), 585 – 602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-016-0783-6
(2021). But what’s your partner up to? Associations between relationship quality and pornography use depend on contextual patterns of use within the couple. Front Psychol, 12, 661347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.661347
(2017). The practice of masturbation for women: The end of a taboo? Sexologies. European Journal of Sexology and Sexual Health / Revue europeenne de sexologie et de sante sexuelle, 26 (4), e35 – e41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sexol.2017.09.008
(2012). A love that doesn’t last: Pornography consumption and weakened commitment to one’s romantic partner. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31 (4), 410 – 438. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2012.31.4.410
(2015). Is Pornography use associated with sexual difficulties and dysfunctions among younger heterosexual men? The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 12 (5), 1136 – 1139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsm.12853
(2002). The social organization of women’s sexuality. In: Wingood, G. M. and DiClemente, R. J., Eds., Handbook of women’s sexual and reproductive health (pp. 43 – 70). New York: Springer Science & Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0689-8_4
(2016).
(Was wir über die Wirkung von Pornographie wissen . In A. Schmidt (Hrsg.), Pornographie (S. 87 – 122). Baden-Baden: Nomos.2021). Women in relationships and their pornography use: A systematic review and thematic synthesis. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 47 (4), 381 – 413. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2021.1885532
(2005). Dyadic assessment of sexual self-disclosure and sexual satisfaction in heterosexual dating couples. J Soc Pers Relat, 22 (2), 169 – 181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407505050942
(2017). Sexuelles Verhalten, Einstellungen und sexuelle Gesundheit in Deutschland. Erste Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie zur Erwachsenensexualität. https://gesid.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Endbericht-Pilotstudie-2017.pdf
(2013).
(Was machen Jugendliche mit Sexualität? In S. Matthiesen (Hrsg.), Jugendsexualität im Internetzeitalter (S. 144 – 199). Köln: BZgA.2016). Pornography and couples: What does the research tell us? Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 38 (4), 412 – 423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-016-9396-4
(2000). The impact of anonymity on responses to sensitive questions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30 (8), 1691 – 1708. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2000.tb02462.x
(2007). Einführung in die Ethik. Tübingen: A. Francke Verlag.
(2013). Pornography use: Who uses it and how it is associated with Couple Outcomes. Journal of Sex Research, 50 (1), 72 – 83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2011.648027
(2015). How much more XXX is Generation X consuming? Evidence of changing attitudes and behaviors related to pornography since 1973. Journal of Sex Research, 53 (1), 12 – 20. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.1003773
(2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.R-project.org/
(2014). Female partners of men who use pornography: Are honesty and mutual use associated with relationship satisfaction? Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 40 (5), 410 – 424. https://doi.org/10.1080/0092623X.2012.751077
(2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48 (2), 1 – 36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i02
(2012). A review of internet pornography use research: Methodology and content from the past 10 years. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15 (1), 13 – 23. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0477
(1997). Manual for the Marital Satisfaction Inventory – Revised. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
(2012). Erotica Viewing effects on intimate relationships and self / partner evaluations. Arch of Sex Behav, 42 (4), 615 – 624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-012-0034-4
(2014). Korean men’s pornography use, their interest in extreme pornography, and dyadic sexual relationships. International Journal of Sexual Health, 27 (1), 16 – 35. https://doi.org/10.1080/19317611.2014.927048
(2011). Mental- and physical-health indicators and sexually explicit media use behavior by adults. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 8 (3), 764 – 772. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1743-6109.2010.02030.x
(2015). Differences in pornography use among couples: Associations with satisfaction, stability, and relationship processes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 45 (1), 145 – 158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-015-0562-9
(2012). A longitudinal analysis of US adults’ pornography exposure. Journal of Media Psychology, 24 (2), 67 – 76. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000063
(