Abstract
Abstract. Red has been reported to enhance attraction for women rating men (Elliot et al., 2010) and men rating women (Elliot & Niesta, 2008). We replicated one of these studies online and in-person. To ensure rigor, we obtained original materials, planned for informative sample sizes, pre-registered our study, used a positive control, and adopted quality controls. For men, we found a very weak effect in the predicted direction (d = 0.09, 95% CI [−0.17, 0.34], N = 242). For women, we found a very weak effect in the opposite direction (d = −0.09, 95% CI [−0.30, 0.12], N = 360). The original studies may have overestimated the red effect, our studies may be an underestimate, or there could be strong moderation of the effect of red on attraction.
References
1995). The evolutionary psychology of physical attractiveness: Sexual selection and human morphology. Ethology and Sociobiology, 16, 395–424. doi: 10.1016/0162-3095(95)00068-2
(2016). Charting the future of social psychology on stormy seas: Winners, losers, and recommendations. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2016.02.003
(2014). The replication recipe: What makes for a convincing replication? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 50, 217–224. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2013.10.005
(2015). Emotion expression and color: Their joint influence on perceived attractiveness and social position. Current Psychology, 34, 422–433. doi: 10.1007/s12144-014-9266-x
(2015). Hidden multiplicity in exploratory multiway ANOVA: Prevalence and remedies. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, , 1–8. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0913-5
(2011). Understanding the new statistics: Effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
(2017). Introduction to the new statistics: Estimation, open science, and beyond. New York, NY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://thenewstatistics.com/itns/
(2015). Direct and conceptual replications of Burgmer & Englich (2012): Power may have little to no effect on motor performance. PLoS One, 10, e0140806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140806
(2010). Red, rank, and romance in women viewing men. Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 139, 399–417. doi: 10.1037/a0019689
(2013). The red-attractiveness effect, applying the Ioannidis, Trikalinos (2007b) test, the broader scientific context: a reply to Francis (2013). Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 142, 297–300. doi: 10.1037/a0029592
(2014). Color psychology: Effects of perceiving color on psychological functioning in humans. Annual Review of Psychology, 65, 95–120. doi: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115035
(2008). Romantic red: red enhances men’s attraction to women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95, 1150–1164. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.5.1150
(2013). Red enhances women’s attractiveness to men: First evidence suggesting universality. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 165–168. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.07.017
(2013). Publication bias in “Red, rank, and romance in women viewing men,” by Elliot et al. (2010). Journal of Experimental Psychology. General, 142, 292–296. doi: 10.1037/a0027923
(2012). Harnessing the undiscovered resource of student research projects. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 605–607. doi: 10.1177/1745691612459057
(2005). Receptivity to sexual offers as a function of sex, socioeconomic status, physical attractiveness, and intimacy of the offer. Personal Relationships, 12, 373–386. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2005.00121.x
(2012). Color and women attractiveness: When red clothed women are perceived to have more intense sexual intent. The Journal of Social Psychology, 152, 261–265. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2011.605398
(1981). Distribution theory for Glass’s estimator of effect size and related estimators. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 6, 107–128. doi: 10.3102/10769986006002107
(2015). Men in red: A reexamination of the red-attractiveness effect. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 55, 1–6. doi: 10.3758/s13423-015-0866-8
(2004). How do I love thee? Let me count the Js: Implicit egotism and interpersonal attraction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 665–683. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.87.5.665
(2011).
(Red for romance, blue for memory . In C. StephanidisEd., HCI International 2011 – Posters’ Extended Abstracts. Communications in Computer and Information Science (Vol. 173 CCIS, pp. 284–288). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-22098-2_572015). Likelihood of null effects of large NHLBI clinical trials has increased over time. PLoS One, 10, 1–12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132382
(2015). Wahrgenommene Attraktivität und Sexuelle Orientierung
([Perceived attractiveness and sexual orientation. The impact of the color red and color preferences] . Wiesbaden, Germany: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. doi: 10.1007/978-3-658-08405-92014). Investigating variation in replicability: A “Many Labs” replication project. Social Psychology, 45, 142–152. doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000178
(2014). Red-colored products enhance the attractiveness of women. Displays, 35, 202–205. doi: 10.1016/j.displa.2014.05.009
(2015). On the emptiness of failed replications.Retrieved from https://web.archive.org/web/20150604192510/ http://wjh.harvard.edu/~jmitchel/writing/failed_science.htm
(2016). Direct and conceptual replications of eskine (2013): Organic food exposure has little to no effect on moral judgments and prosocial behavior. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7, 312–319. doi: 10.1177/1948550616639649
(2009). Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satisficing to increase statistical power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 867–872. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009
(2009). The retrospective gambler’s fallacy: Unlikely events, constructing the past, and multiple universes. Judgment and Decision Making, 4, 326–334.
(2012). Sexy red: Perceived sexual receptivity mediates the red-attraction relation in men viewing woman. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 48, 787–790. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2011.12.009
(2014). Perceived sexual receptivity and fashionableness: Separate paths linking red and black to perceived attractiveness. Color Research & Application, 39, 208–212. doi: 10.1002/col.21804
(2016). Revisiting the red effect on attractiveness and sexual receptivity: No effect of the color red on human mate preferences. Evolutionary Psychology, 14, 1–13. doi: 10.1177/1474704916673841
(2010). Distinguishing between perceiver and wearer effects in clothing color-associated attributions. Evolutionary Psychology, 8, 350–364. doi: 10.1177/147470491000800304
(2013). Romantic red revisited: Red enhances men’s attraction to young, but not menopausal women. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49, 161–164. doi: 10.1016/j.jesp.2012.08.004
(2015).
(The impact of the colour red on attractiveness perception . In M. MokrysS. BaduraEds., 4th Advanced Research in Scientific Areas (pp. 20–24). Zilina, Slovakia: EDIS – Publishing Institution of the University of Zilina. doi: 10.18638/arsa.2015.4.1.7992012). A 21 word solution. SSRN Electronic Journal, 1–4. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.2160588
(2015). Small telescopes: Detectability and the evaluation of replication results. Psychological Science, 26, 559–569. doi: 10.1177/0956797614567341
(2012). Closing the gap between methodologists and end-Users: R as a computational back-end. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Computational, 49, 1–15.
(2014). Red is romantic, but only for feminine females: Sexual dimorphism moderates red effect on sexual attraction. Evolutionary Psychology, 12, 719–735. doi: 10.1177/147470491401200404
(2015). The effect of red on male perceptions of female attractiveness: Moderation by baseline attractiveness of female faces. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45, 146–151. doi: 10.1002/ejsp.2098
(