Abstract. A probit multistate Item Response Theory (IRT) model for ordinal response variables is introduced. It comprises a reference latent state variable for each occasion of measurement and a latent item effect variable for each item ...
Abstract. The aim of the present study was to examine the construct and cross-cultural validity of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS; Beck, Weissman, Lester, & Trexler, 1974). Beck et al. applied exploratory Principal Components Analysis ...
To examine whether starting a response scale with the positive or the negative categories affects response behavior, a split-ballot design using reverse forms of an 8-point scale assessing the subjective importance of job characteristics was used. ...