Serotonin und Persönlichkeit
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Es werden kurz drei wichtige Persönlichkeitstheorien vorgestellt, die die Beteiligung des serotonergen Neurotransmittersystems an der Ausprägung dispositioneller Merkmale auf der Ebene von Temperamentseigenschaften konstatieren. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst die zentralen Befunde zusammen. Zunächst wird jedoch beschrieben, über welche Charakteristika das serotonerge Neurotransmittersystem verfügt, und welche Schwierigkeiten sich hinsichtlich der Messung von Indikatoren serotonerger Aktivität bzw. Ansprechbarkeit ergeben. Basierend auf einigen ausgewählten Befunden aus dem Bereich der biologischen Psychiatrie wird dann dargestellt, dass sich serotonerge Auffälligkeiten klinischer Populationen durchaus in den Bereich der gesunden Persönlichkeit übertragen lassen. Konkreter wird gezeigt, dass sich Personen mit erhöhter Ausprägung auf den Dimensionen Depressivität, Aggressivität und Impulsivität über eine geringe Ansprechbarkeit des serotonergen Systems im Zuge des so genannten Neurotransmitter-Challenge-Tests charakterisieren lassen. Implikationen für ein Verständnis der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen interindividueller Differenzen und Implikationen für ggfs. veränderte diagnostische Methoden werden diskutiert.
Summary: Several theories concerning the biological basis of personality emphasize the involvement of neurotransmitter systems. One of these transmitters is serotonin. The present paper summarizes some of the recent findings concerning personality and serotonin. First some fundamental biochemical and physiological aspects of serotonin will be described. Furthermore, difficulties in measurement of activity or availability of serotonin are briefly mentioned. Based on findings from biological psychiatry it will be demonstrated that observations in patients can be extrapolated into the normal range of related personality traits. More specifically, subjects high in aggressiveness, depressiveness and impulsivity will be characterized by a blunted responsivity of the serotonergic system as indicated by the application of neurotransmitter challenge tests. Implications for more thorough insight into the biological basis of personality as well as for the need to develop new diagnostic tools will be discussed.
Literatur
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