Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Als latente Hemmung (LH) wird das Phänomen bezeichnet, daß die wiederholte Darbietung eines irrelevanten Reizes, dem keine Hinweisfunktion zukommt, das spätere Erlernen von Assoziationen mit diesem Reiz erschwert. Für das Auftreten von LH werden Aufmerksamkeitsmechanismen verantwortlich gemacht, die die für Lernprozesse notwendige Reizselektivität gewährleisten sollen. In den vergangenen zehn Jahren wurden zahlreiche Studien veröffentlicht, die auf die Bedeutung des Phänomens der LH für die Differentielle Psychologie und Persönlichkeitsforschung hinweisen. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen zusammenfassenden Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der differentiellen LH-Forschung, wobei insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen LH und den Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen «psychosis proneness» (Psychotizismus, Schizotypie), Ängstlichkeit und Kreativität sowie Alters- und Geschlechtseinflüsse thematisiert werden.
Summary: The repeated presentation of an irrelevant stimulus, one which does not aim at eliciting a specific response, impedes the development of associations with respect to this stimulus. This phenomenon is known as latent inhibition (LI). Over the last 10 years, an increasing number of studies was published that deal with LI and its significance for personality research and differential psychology. The present review offers a summary of the current status of LI research. It emphasizes, in particular, the potential relationship between LI and personality traits like «psychosis proneness» (psychoticism, schizotypy), trait anxiety/neuroticism, and creativity as well as the influence of age and sex.
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