Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Personen berücksichtigen in ihrer Selbstdefinition entweder stärker ihre Verbundenheit zu anderen Menschen (interdependente Selbstkonstruktion) oder aber ihre einzigartigen Eigenschaften, die sie unabhängig von anderen Menschen auszeichnen (independente Selbstkonstruktion). Es liegen bereits verschiedene Fragebogeninstrumente zur Erfassung individueller Selbstkonstruktionen vor. Sie erfassen aber ausschließlich die sozialen und autonomen Inhalte, die in independenten bzw. interdependenten Selbstkonstruktionen dominieren. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird postuliert, dass sich beide Arten von Selbstkonstruktionen darüber hinausgehend im Grad der Kontextabhängigkeit der enkodierten Informationen unterscheiden. Zur Erfassung des individuellen Grades der Kontextabhängigkeit wird die Dortmunder Kontextabhängigkeits-Skala (DKS) entwickelt. Die DKS wird durch Überprüfung von Korrelationen zu Skalen, die die unterschiedlichen Inhalte independenter und interdependenter Selbstkonstruktionen erfassen, sowie durch eine experimentelle und eine quasiexperimentelle Studie validiert.
Summary: People either tend to think of themselves as fundamentally related to others and as primarily defined by their personal group memberships (interdependent self-construal) or they perceive themselves as separate and distinguished from others and as primarily defined by their traits, abilities, and attitudes (independent self-construal). Several scales, the goal of which is to measure individual self-construals have been developed. However, these scales exclusively assess the autonomous or social content which prevails in either the independent or interdependent self-construal. We argue that pieces of information encoded in both types of self-construals not only differ with respect to their content but also with respect to their degree of context-dependency, with independent self-knowledge being less context-dependent than interdependent self-knowledge. In three studies, we describe the development and validation of the Dortmunder Kontextabhängigkeits-Skala (DKS), a questionnaire which measures the degree of context-dependency of individual self-construals.
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