Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Multinomiale Verarbeitungsbaummodelle (MVB-Modelle) werden in der kognitiven Psychologie seit über 15 Jahren angewendet. Der Vorteil der Überführung einer Theorie in ein MVB-Modell ist zunächst in der mathematisch exakten Formulierung zu sehen; derart formulierte Hypothesen gewinnen an Überprüfbarkeit und empirischem Gehalt. Darüber hinaus erlaubt ein validiertes MVB-Modell die Interpretation seiner Parameter als Wahrscheinlichkeiten der zugrunde liegenden Prozesse und damit die getrennte Erfassung dieser Prozesse. In der Sozialpsychologie wurden MVB-Modelle unter anderem in der Forschung zur illusorischen Korrelation, zum Inkongruenzvorteil im Gedächtnis für schemarelevantes Material, und zu sozialer Kategorisierung eingesetzt und haben in diesen Bereichen entscheidend zum Erkenntnisgewinn beigetragen. Eine methodische Weiterentwicklung ermöglicht die Modellierung von Parameterheterogenität und eröffnet damit neue Möglichkeiten der Anwendung von MVB-Modellen in der Sozialpsychologie.
Abstract: For more than 15 years, multinomial processing tree models have been used in cognitive psychology. By stating a theory in terms of a multinomial processing tree model, an exact formulation of the theory is gained, rendering it more testable. In addition, a validated multinomial model allows interpretation of its parameters as probabilities of underlying processes and thus the measurement of these processes. Within social psychology, multinomial processing tree models have been applied in research on illusory correlations, on the memory advantage of expectancy-incongruent information, and on social categorization, among others. They have played a crucial part in furthering our understanding of the underlying processes in these areas. A methodological extension allowing for the modelling of parameter heterogeneity opens new perspectives for the application of multinomial processing tree models in the area of social psychology.
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