Postoperatively increased bioactive adrenomedullin is related to adverse outcome after complex aortic surgery
Abstract
Summary:Background: Open and endovascular thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair is related to major complications and increased mortality rates. Up to now, specific biomarkers for adverse outcome are scarce, although routine usage of such biomarkers could enable an earlier and more appropriate treatment of complications during the postoperative course after complex aortic aneurysm repair. Patients and methods: In a prospective single-center study including 33 patients (48.5 % women, mean age 63.0 ± 16.2 years) undergoing elective complex open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, bioactive adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) was measured for 72 h perioperatively and an association with clinical endpoints, namely cardiogenic shock, death and the combined endpoint of the two aforementioned parameters was assessed. Furthermore, the association between bio-ADM and baseline characteristics and perioperative details including sepsis biomarkers score were assessed. Results: 51.5 % (n = 17) of patients developed postoperative acute kidney injury, 21.2 % (n = 7) pneumonia and 18.2 % (n = 6) sepsis. Cardiogenic shock was observed in 12.1 % (n = 4) patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 18.2 % (n = 6), and 24.2 % (n = 8) of patients developed cardiogenic shock and/or died in hospital. A significant correlation of bio-ADM concentrations from all available time points was observed with leukocytes (r = 0.37, P < 0.0001), C-reactive protein (r = 0.56, P < 0.001) and serum creatinine levels (r = 0.52, P < 0.001). Increased bio-ADM at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h after admission to ICU was associated with both, in-hospital death and cardiogenic shock, with an area under the curve for the combined endpoint of 0.598, 0.720, 0.880 and 0.967. Bio-ADM concentrations at 48 h and 72 h after admission to ICU were predictive for in-hospital death and cardiogenic shock (both P < 0.01). Conclusions: Bio-ADM may serve as postoperative biomarker for cardiogenic shock and death after complex open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, potentially enabling an earlier and by that more adequate treatment of adverse outcome after major surgery.
References
1 Fenestrated or branched endovascular aortic repair for postdissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2019;70(2):404–12.
2 Editor’s Choice - Outcomes After One Stage Versus Two Stage Open Repair of Type II Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2019;57(3):340–8.
3 . The clinical value of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004;27(3):292–8.
4 . Cytokines and inflammatory pathways in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;22(6):485–95.
5 . Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a human model of ischemia/reperfusion-induced cytokine-driven multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2000;28(9):3356–7.
6 Open Versus Fenestrated Endovascular Repair of Complex Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Ann Surg. 2019. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003094. [Epub ahead of print].
7 Incidence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome after endovascular aortic repair. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2011;52(1):73–9.
8 The beta-d-Endoglucuronidase Heparanase Is a Danger Molecule That Drives Systemic Inflammation and Correlates with Clinical Course after Open and Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Lessons Learnt from Mice and Men. Front Immunol. 2017;8:681.
9 Cytokines as biomarkers of inflammatory response after open versus endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2018;39(7):1164–75.
10 , Cumulative lactate and hospital mortality in ICU patients. Ann Intensive Care. 2013;3(1):6.
11 Circulating Biologically Active Adrenomedullin (bio-ADM) Predicts Hemodynamic Support Requirement and Mortality During Sepsis. Chest. 2017;152(2):312–20.
12 . Adrenomedullin and Adrenomedullin-Targeted Therapy As Treatment Strategies Relevant for Sepsis. Front Immunol. 2018;9:292.
13 . Adrenomedullin–what do we know 10 years since its discovery? Pol J Pharmacol. 2004;56(1):5–27.
14 . Thoraco-abdominal and abdominal aortic aneurysms involving renal, superior mesenteric, celiac arteries. Ann Surg. 1974;179(5):763–72.
15 . Motor exam of patients with spinal cord injury: a terminological imbroglio. Neurol Sci. 2017;38(7):1159–65.
16 . Infectious Diseases Society of A. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(4):388–416.
17 Tracheotomy: clinical review and guidelines. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;32(3):412–21.
18 . Acute Heart Failure: Definition, Classification and Epidemiology. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2017;14(5):385–92.
19 Acute myocardial infarction hospital admissions and deaths in England: a national follow-back and follow-forward record-linkage study. Lancet Public Health. 2017;2(4):e191–e201.
20 . Prevention of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: bridging the gaps in knowledge. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(22):1728–37.
21 . The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline update for chronic kidney disease: evolution not revolution. Clin Chem. 2013;59(3):462–5.
22 Assessment of Clinical Criteria for Sepsis: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315(8):762–74.
23 . Sepsis definitions: time for change. Lancet. 2013;381(9868):774–5.
24 Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992;101(6):1644–55.
25 . Plasma adrenomedullin is associated with short-term mortality and vasopressor requirement in patients admitted with sepsis. Crit Care. 2014;18(1):R34.
26 Surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2007;48(1):49–58.
27 Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair in patients with marfan syndrome. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;35(2):181–6.
28 . Open repair in chronic type B dissection with connective tissue disorders. Ann Cardiothorac Surg. 2014;3(3):325–8.
29 . Assessment of spinal cord integrity during thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002;74(5):S1864–6; discussion S92–8.
30 Open treatment of extent IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2015;56(5):687–97.
31 Fenestrated endovascular repair of type IV thoracoabdominal aneurysms: device design and implantation technique. Perspect Vasc Surg Endovasc Ther. 2011;23(3):173–7.
32 Reduction of iodinated contrast load with the renal artery catheterization technique during endovascular aortic repair. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2013;19(3):244–50.
33 . Circulating Biologically Active Adrenomedullin Predicts Organ Failure and Mortality in Sepsis. Ann Lab Med. 2019;39(5):454–63.
34 Circulating adrenomedullin estimates survival and reversibility of organ failure in sepsis: the prospective observational multinational Adrenomedullin and Outcome in Sepsis and Septic Shock-1 (AdrenOSS-1) study. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):354.
35 Adrenomedullin Is Associated With Surgical Trauma and Impaired Renal Function in Vascular Surgery Patients. J Intensive Care Med. 2019;34(1):67–76.
36 Adrenomedullin: a marker of impaired hemodynamics, organ dysfunction, and poor prognosis in cardiogenic shock. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):6.
37 Risk of spinal cord ischemia after fenestrated or branched endovascular repair of complex aortic aneurysms. J Vasc Surg. 2019;69(2):357–66.
38 Outcomes After One Stage Versus Two Stage Open Repair of Type II Thoraco-abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2018.
39 Urine neutrophil gelatinase–associated lipocalin predicts outcome and renal failure in open and endovascular thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Scientific Reports. 2018;8(1):12676.
40 . Outcomes and cost of open versus endovascular repair of intact thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2018;68(4):948–55 e1.
41 . Vascular Effects of Adrenomedullin and the Anti-Adrenomedullin Antibody Adrecizumab in Sepsis. Shock. 2018.
42 Using IL-6 concentrations in the first 24 h following trauma to predict immunological complications and mortality in trauma patients: a meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018;44(5):679–87.
43 Postoperative pro-adrenomedullin levels predict mortality in thoracic surgery patients: comparison with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV Score*. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(2):373–81.
44 Plasma adrenomedullin in critically ill patients with sepsis after major surgery: A pilot study. J Crit Care. 2017;38:68–72.
45 Adrenomedullin: a novel hypotensive peptide isolated from human pheochromocytoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;425(3):548–55.
46 . A review of the biological properties and clinical implications of adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), hypotensive and vasodilating peptides. Peptides. 2001;22(11):1693–711.