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Themenschwerpunkt

Suizidalität bei Patienten mit Suchterkrankung

Published Online:October 12, 2011https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000137

Abstract

Fragestellung und Methodik: Suchterkrankungen gehören zu den häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen, die bei Suizidopfern vorliegen. In diesen Übersichtsartikel werden epidemiologische und klinische Studien zu Suizidversuchen und Suizid bei Suchterkrankungen eingeschlossen. Ergebnisse: In Studien mit der Methode der psychologischen Autopsie litten zwischen 19 % und 63 % aller Suizidopfer unter Suchterkrankungen, meistens unter Alkoholismus. Das Suizidrisiko ist bei Suchterkrankungen erhöht, insbesondere bei Alkoholismus und Komorbidität von Alkoholismus und Depression sowie bei Opiatabhängigkeit und Polytoxikomanie. Bei Alkoholismus sind einige Risikofaktoren für Suizid bekannt. Schlussfolgerung: Trotz der umfangreichen Literatur gibt es zahlreiche offene Fragen, die Gegenstand zukünftiger Forschung sein sollten.


Suicidality and Substance Use Disorders

Aim and Methods: Substance use disorders are one of the most frequent psychiatric disorders found in suicides. Epidemiological and clinical studies regarding completed suicide and suicide attempts in substance use disorders are included in this review. Results: In psychological autopsy studies between 19 % and 63 % of all suicides suffered from substance use disorders, mostly from alcohol use disorders. Suicide risk is highly increased in substance use disorders, particularly in alcohol use disorders, and in co-morbid alcoholism and depression. Alcohol use disorders were identified as risk factors for suicide in controlled psychological autopsy studies and in cohort studies. So far, some risk factors for suicide have been identified in alcoholism. Opioid use disorders and mixed drug use were also associated with highly increased suicide risk. Conclusions: Nevertheless, various questions about the relationship between substance use disorders and suicide remain open, which implicate the directions to future research.

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