Abstract
Fragestellung: Die Zielgruppe der jungen Rauchenden bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das Wissen zum selbst-initiierten und professionell begleiteten Ausstieg aus dem Zigarettenkonsum in dieser Altersgruppe. Die leitende Frage ist: „Wann hört wer wie wieder auf zu rauchen?“ Methodik: Mittels einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und zusätzlicher Suchstrategien wurden 169 relevante Arbeiten identifiziert und ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Beschrieben werden folgende Punkte: (a) die Verbreitung des Ausstiegs und ausstiegsrelevanter Variablen, (b) der Ausstiegsprozess anhand epidemiologischer und klinischer Untersuchungen, (c) distale und proximale Prädiktoren des Ausstiegsprozesses und des Rauchstopps sowie (d) Ansätze von internationalen und nationalen Rauchstopp-Interventionen und ihre Wirksamkeit und Inanspruchnahme. Schlussfolgerungen: Praxisimplikationen, die sich aus dem bisherigen Wissen ergeben, werden diskutiert: Es besteht ein Bedarf an effektiven Rauchstopp-Interventionen für junge Rauchende. Maßnahmen basierend auf Motivationsförderung und kognitiv-behavioralen Techniken sollten frühzeitig und insbesondere stark Rauchenden angeboten werden. Deutschsprachige Programme müssen in kontrollierten Studien auf ihre Wirksamkeit getestet werden.
Aims: Young smokers as a target group of health promotion need special attention. The aim is to review scientific knowledge about self-initiated and professionally supported smoking cessation in this age group. The research question is: Who quits smoking when and how? Method: A systematic literature search and additional search strategies identified 169 relevant publications. Results: Results are reported with regard to (a) prevalence of cessation and cessation-relevant variables, (b) description of the cessation process based on epidemiological and clinical studies, (c) distal and proximal predictors of the cessation process and quitting behavior, and (d) smoking cessation interventions, their effectiveness, and utilization. Conclusions: Preliminary implications for smoking cessation policy and practice are discussed: There is a need for effective cessation interventions for young smokers. Interventions based on motivation enhancement and cognitive-behavioral techniques should be offered early, especially to heavy smokers. The effectiveness of German programs need to be rigorously tested.
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