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Originalarbeit

Wie erleben und beurteilen Pflegende das Screening von stationären onkologischen Patient_innen mit dem Belastungsthermometer?

Eine qualitative Studie

Published Online:February 04, 2021https://doi.org/10.1024/1012-5302/a000790

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Krebserkrankte Menschen können psychosozial so belastet sein, dass sie Unterstützung benötigen. Seit 2012 sollen Pflegefachpersonen (PFP) im Universitätsspital Zürich alle eintretende Krebspatienten mit Hilfe des Belastungsthermometers (BT) screenen, um den Unterstützungsbedarf zu erkennen. Nach fünf Jahren war die Screeningrate mit 40 % sowie die Rate der psychoonkologischen Konsile mit 7,9 % wider Erwarten niedrig. Ziel: Das Ziel dieser qualitativen Studie bestand darin, zu beschreiben, wie PFP das Screening mit dem BT erlebten und wie sie die geringe Screening- bzw. Überweisungsrate interpretierten. Dies sollte ein besseres Verständnis der Einflussfaktoren ermöglichen. Methode: Die Auswertung von drei Fokusgruppeninterviews mit 14 PFP erfolgte mithilfe der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring. Ergebnisse: Die Analyse ergab vier Hauptkategorien. „Der Versuch, das nützliche Screening im komplexen Alltag anzuwenden “ steht im Mittelpunkt. Die drei Unterkategorien lauten: „Das hilfreiche Screening für eine ganzheitliche Pflege nutzen“, „Der beste Weg, die Individualität des Gegenübers zu erfassen“ und „An strukturellen und menschlichen Hindernissen scheitern“. Drei weitere Hauptkategorien zur persönlichen Haltung der PFP ergänzen das Screeningerleben: „Weniger Schwierigkeiten durch Kompetenz und Erfahrung erleben“, „Aufgrund von Hemmschwellen vorsichtig sein“ und „Die eigene Zuständigkeit hinterfragen“. Schlussfolgerungen: Die PFP möchten das BT nutzen. Sie benötigen jedoch praktische und wissenschaftliche Unterstützung, um es gewinnbringend in den Alltag zu integrieren.


How do nurses experience and interpret the screening of hospitalised cancer patients by means of the distress thermometer? – A qualitative study

Abstract.Background: People with cancer experience distress and may need professional support. In 2012, the University Hospital Zurich introduced its distress thermometer (DT) screening, whereby all inpatients were to be screened to gauge their support need. However, after five years, the screening rate was 40 % and the referral rate to psycho oncology was 7.9 %, surprisingly low. Aim: The aim of this qualitative study was to describe how nurses experience the screening and how they interpret the screening and referral rate. Methods: The evaluation of three focus group interviews with 14 nurses followed the principles of qualitative content analysis according to Mayring. Results: The analysis revealed four main categories. The first category “Trying to perform useful screening in a complex daily routine” comprises three subcategories: “Using the benefits of screening for comprehensive care”, “The best way to recognize the individuality of the counterpart” and “Failing due to structural and personal barriers”. Three further main categories addressing nurses’ personal attitudes complete the screening experience: “Experiencing fewer difficulties due to competence and experience”, “Being careful due to hesitations”, and “Reflecting one’s responsibility”. Conclusions: Nurses want to use the DT. However, they need more practical and scientific support to usefully integrate screening into their everyday life.

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