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Übersichtsartikel

Achtsamkeit als Therapie kognitiver Funktionen: Eine Chance für die klinische Neuropsychologie

Published Online:June 15, 2016https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000176

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In den letzten Jahrzehnten fand die Achtsamkeitspraxis Eingang in die klinische Psychologie und Medizin. Da Achtsamkeit eine besondere Form der Aufmerksamkeit ist, wurde in diesen Fachdisziplinen auch untersucht, inwieweit sich Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen im Besonderen und kognitive Funktionen im Allgemeinen durch Achtsamkeitstraining verbessern. Es ist das Ziel dieses Reviews einen Überblick zu den Effekten von Achtsamkeit auf kognitive Funktionen und das Gehirn zu geben und der Frage nachzugehen, inwieweit achtsamkeitsbasierte Therapie eine sinnvolle Behandlungsoption für kognitive Beeinträchtigungen neurologischer und psychiatrischer Patienten darstellt. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass erste Studien ermutigende Resultate insbesondere für Aufmerksamkeitsfunktionen und das Arbeitsgedächtnis zeigen und damit assoziierten Hirnstrukturen und -funktionen. Zu fordern sind weitere Studien, in denen die Effektivität achtsamkeitsbasierter Therapieverfahren mit herkömmlichen neuropsychologischen Therapieverfahren verglichen wird.


Mindfulness-based Therapy of Cognitive Functions

Abstract. In the last decades, the practice of mindfulness has become into the focus of clinical psychology and medicine. In the recent past, researchers have also investigated whether mindfulness interventions improve attention and cognitive functions as mindfulness is closely related to the concept of attention. The present paper aims to review those findings and to go further into the question whether mindfulness based therapy is useful for treating cognitive impairment of neurologic and psychiatric patients. We suggest that first studies yielded promising results in particular for the domains of attention and working memory and associated brain areas. Future studies need to compare mindfulness interventions and traditional neuropsychological therapies.

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