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Original Article

Dopaminsystem und Intertemporal Choice Aufgaben

Published Online:May 28, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X/a000218

Abstract

Abstract. The dopamine (DA) system has been implicated in the mediation of cost/benefit evaluations involved in the intertemporal choices between immediate and delayed rewards. This involvement was further investigated in two studies of normal participants that had to decide between a smaller immediate and a larger delayed reward in a series of 27 decisions.In study 1 the dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist pramipexole or placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over protocol prior to the decisions. In study 2 the same experiment was conducted in two groups of normal participants that were homozygous for either the 7repeat or the 4 repeat variant of the exon III polymorphism of the Dopamine D4 receptor gene. Dopaminergic involvement is highlighted by the results.


Dopaminsystem und Intertemporal Choice Aufgaben

Zusammenfassung. Das Dopamin (DA) System ist mit Kosten / Nutzen Abschätzungen zum Beispiel bei so genannten “Intertemporal Choice” Aufgaben in Verbindung gebracht worden. Hierbei handelt es sich um Aufgaben, bei denen zwischen einem (kleineren) sofort verfügbaren und einem später verfügbaren (größeren) Gewinn unterschieden werden muss. Es kommt zu einer Abwertung von später verfügbaren Gewinnen, wobei die Abwertungskurve einer hyperbolen Funktion folgt. Wir haben die Rolle des Dopamins in zwei weiteren Untersuchungen näher charakterisiert, die jeweils 27 Entscheidungen zwischen einem frühen und einem späteren Gewinn beinhalteten. Das Paradigma erlaubte die Schätzung der Steilheit der Abwertungskurve und teilte die Einzelentscheidungen darüber hinaus nach der Höhe des Gewinns in „niedrige“, „mittlere“ und „hohe“ Gewinne ein. In Studie 1 wurde die Abwertung unter Plazebo mit dem Dopaminagonist Pramipexol verglichen (doppel-blindes Cross-Over Design). In der Plazebobedingung wurde ein typischer Effekt der Belohnungsgröße mit weniger steiler Abwertung von großen Gewinnen gesehen. Dies war unter Pramipexol nicht der Fall, Probanden waren also weniger konservativ.

In Studie 2 untersuchten wir zwei Gruppen normaler Probanden die sich bezüglich der von ihnen getragenen Variante des Dopamin-D4-Rezeptors unterschieden (homozygot für die 7-Repeat oder 4-Repeat Variante des Exon III Polymorphismus). Träger der 7-Repeat Variante werteten Gewinne steiler ab als Träger der 4-Repeat-Variante. Erstere ist mit Impulsivität in Zusammenhang gebracht worden.

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