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Themenschwerpunkt

Suizid und suizidales Verhalten bei Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund

Published Online:February 28, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747.a000025

Abstract

Migration ist ein Risikofaktor für Suizid und suizidales Verhalten, da Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund oft besonderen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Insbesondere junge Frauen weisen häufiger Suizid und suizidales Verhalten auf als gleichaltrige einheimische Frauen. Die Beweggründe für suizidale Krisen bei Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund wurden nur wenig untersucht, doch erste Studien weisen darauf hin, dass neben psychischen und psychiatrischen insbesondere psychosoziale Faktoren ausschlaggebend sind. Zu den psychosozialen Faktoren gehören Dissonanzen zwischen Normen und Werten der Herkunftsgesellschaft und der Aufnahmegesellschaft, Identitätsfindungsprobleme, die konkreten Lebensbedingungen im Aufnahmeland, Probleme bei der Akkulturation, stressige Lebensereignisse und ein als kontrolliert erlebtes Leben. Allerdings entwickeln nicht alle Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund diese Art von Problemen. Neben den genannten Risikofaktoren existieren auch Schutzfaktoren vor Suizidalität, zu denen Persönlichkeitsvariablen wie Extraversion und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung sowie soziale Unterstützung und der Akkulturationsgrad zählen. Ob und wie diese Risiko- und Schutzfaktoren speziell bei jungen Frauen mit türkischem Migrationshintergrund die Genese von Suizidalität beeinflussen und wie diese Faktoren miteinander zusammenhängen, muss in zukünftigen detaillierteren Studien untersucht werden.


Suicide and Suicidal Behaviour among Female Migrants of Turkish Descent

Migration has been proposed to be a risk factor for suicidal tendencies because immigrants often face particular challenges. Particularly young immigrant women show more suicidal behaviour than same-aged native women. Although the causes for suicidal crisis behaviour in Turkish immigrant women are still poorly understood, first studies show that not only psychological and psychiatric factors are important but that psychosocial factors are indeed crucial. Important psychosocial factors include the dissonance between values and norms of the country of origin and the country of residence, problems with formation of identity, problems with the living conditions, acculturation problems, stressful life-events, and an over-controlled life. However, not all immigrants experience this kind of distress. Protective factors are certain personality traits (e.g., extraversion and self-efficacy), social support, and a higher degree of integration. If and how these risk and protective factors influence suicidal tendencies among young women of Turkish descent, and how these factors are mutually interconnected remains unclear and only further and more detailed research can provide an answer.

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