Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Apathie ist eine Dimension von Negativsymptomen, die zu erheblichen Beeinträchtigungen in der Alltagsfunktion führt, ohne dass adäquate Behandlungsverfahren zur Verfügung stehen. Die Apathie wird heute zunehmend als eine Reduktion von zielgerichtetem Verhalten definiert. Die dem zielgerichteten Verhalten zugrundeliegenden Prozesse lassen sich in einem Modell verstehen, das verschiedene Phasen der Entscheidungsfindung beinhaltet. Hierzu gehören die Generierung von Handlungsoptionen, die Bewertung und Auswahl von Handlungsoptionen und schliesslich das Lernen aus Handlungsergebnissen. Diese Prozesse und ihre Dysfunktionen lassen sich quantitativ erfassen, wie wir am Beispiel von Studien bei Patienten mit Schizophrenie zeigen. Dysfunktionen in allen genannten Entscheidungsphasen sind mit der Apathie assoziiert. Dieses Modell kann dazu dienen, die Entwicklung psychologischer und biologischer Therapieverfahren gezielter auf die zugrundeliegenden dysfunktionalen Prozesse aufzubauen.
Abstract. Apathy is a dimension of negative symptoms that leads to significant impairment in everyday functioning. At the same time there are no adequate treatment options. Recently, apathy has been defined as a reduction of goal-directed behavior. The processes subserving goal-directed behavior can be understood with a model that includes sequential stages of decision making. These stages consist of generation of options for action, valuation and selection of options and learning from action outcomes. These processes and their dysfunctions can be measured quantitatively as is shown in recent studies including patients with schizophrenia. Dysfunctions in all three stages of decision making are associated with apathy. This model can be employed to target psychological and biological interventions more specifically at the underlying dysfunctional processes.
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