Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Epidemiologische sowie tierexperimentelle Studien erbrachten den Nachweis, dass ein zu niedriges Geburtsgewicht ein Risikofaktor für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen im Erwachsenenalter darstellt. Die Diagnose einer intrauterinen Wachstumsretardierung (IUGR) erfolgt vorgeburtlich mittels Ultraschall. Bei einem Neugeborenen ist die Differenzierung zwischen einer Wachstumsretardierung und einem konstitutionell kleinem Kind schwierig. Hierfür, wie auch für die pathophysiologische Verbindung zwischen einer IUGR und einer späteren kardiovaskulären Erkrankung, ist die Erforschung der physiologischen, endokrinen und morphologischen Anpassungen des Föten an eine Mangelversorgung essenziell.
Abstract. Epidemiological evidence in humans as well as studies in animal models of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) indicate an association between IUGR and risk of cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. Prenatal ultrasound is the reference clinical method to detect an IUGR fetus. Differentiating IUGR neonates from those merely small for gestational age (SGA) is difficult postpartum. IUGR fetuses display signs of chronic malnutrition and hypoxia that alter fetal cardiovascular dynamics and endocrine status. The knowlege about these cardiovascular and endocrine alterations is mandatory to discriminate IUGR from SGA neoanates and the pathophysiological link between IGUR and diseases in adulthood.
Résumé. Des expériences épidémiologiques et animales ont fourni la preuve qu’un poids insuffisant à la naissance représente un facteur de risque pour des maladies cardiovasculaires à l’âge adulte. Le diagnostic du retard de croissance intrautérin est posé avant la naissance par échographie. Chez un nouveau-né il est difficile de faire la différence entre un retard de croissance ou un enfant de petite constitution. Pour ceci et aussi pour la relation pathophysiologique entre un retard de croissance intrautérin et une maladie cardiovasculaire ultérieure, il est essentiel d’explorer l’adaptation physiologique, endocrinologique et morphologique du fœtus aux diverses carences.
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