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Perspektiven für das Elektroenzephalogramm in der Psychiatrie

Published Online:July 25, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003028

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Das Elektroenzephalogramm (EEG) bietet eine non-invasive und kostengünstige Methode zur elektrophysiologischen Erfassung neuronaler Aktivität. Die im EEG nachweisbaren Pathologien erlauben mit hoher Sensitivität, aber begrenzter Spezifität einen Rückschluss auf einen abnormen Funktionszustand des Gehirns. Psychiatrische Hauptindikationen des EEGs stellen eine atypische klinische Präsentation eines neuropsychiatrischen Syndroms, die untypische Reaktion auf eine Medikation und die Basisdiagnostik vor Beginn einiger Medikamente bzw. Stimulationsverfahren dar. In der aktuellen Forschung hat das EEG nicht nur im Hinblick auf Diagnostik, sondern vor allem auf die Vorhersage des Behandlungserfolges verschiedener therapeutischer Ansätze Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Der folgende Artikel behandelt unter anderem Elektrophysiologische Grundlagen des EEGs, EEG-gestützte Differenzialdiagnostik verschiedener Krankheitsbilder und neue Forschungsansätze in Diagnostik und Therapieplanung.


Perspectives for the Electroencephalogram in Psychiatry

Abstract. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive and cost-effective method to monitor spontaneous neuronal activity over time. Pathologies in EEG recordings indicate with high sensitivity but low specificity abnormal functional brain states. The main psychiatric indications for EEG recordings include atypical clinical symptoms of a neuropsychiatric syndrome or atypical reactions to medication as well as a baseline diagnostic before starting treatment with specific drugs or stimulation modalities. In recent research the EEG continues to be a valuable tool not only in diagnostics but also for the prediction of treatment success. The following paper focuses on basic electrophysiological understanding of EEG recordings, the diagnostic value of EEG recordings in different clinical entities, and new research attempts in diagnostic and treatment prediction.


Résumé. L’électroencéphalogramme (EEG) est une méthode non invasive et économique permettant d’observer l’activité électrique spontanée des neurones. Les pathologies détectées par cette méthode permettent de tirer des conclusions très sensitives mais moins spécifiques sur le fonctionnement anormal du cerveau. Les indications principales psychiatriques établies par un EEG sont: symptômes cliniques atypiques de syndrôme neuropsychiatrique et réactions atypiques à une médication. Cette méthode est également utilisée pour l’établissement de diagnostics et mesures de référence prétraitement par médication ou technique de stimulation. L’EEG continue à être un outil précieux dans les études récentes, non seulement pour l’établissement de diagnostics, mais aussi dans la prédiction du succès d’essais thérapeutiques. Ce papier se concentre sur l’analyse électrophysiologique basique des EEG, la valeur des diagnostics établis par l’EEG dans différentes situations cliniques et les nouveaux essais en diagnostic et prédiction de traitements.

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