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Mini-Review

Virale Gastroenteritis: Es muss nicht immer Norovirus sein

Published Online:April 03, 2019https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-8157/a003182

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Für eine akute virale Gastroenteritis sind meistens Noroviren verantwortlich. Gastroenteritis-Ausbrüche durch Noroviren in Krankenhäusern oder Altersheimen sind besonders gefürchtet wegen der hohen Kontagiosität von Noroviren. Aus diesem Grunde wird bei Verdacht einer akuten viralen Gastroenteritis labordiagnostisch in erster Linie nach Noroviren gesucht. In den vergangenen Jahren sind aber zunehmend auch Sapo- und Astroviren als Erreger viraler Gastroenteritiden beschrieben worden. Klinisch sind Sapo- und Astroviren kaum von Noroviren unterscheidbar, für eine genaue Diagnose ist die molekulargenetische Analyse von Stuhlproben notwendig. Sapovirus und Astrovirus haben ähnliche Virus-Eigenschaften wie Norovirus und sollten daher bei Verdacht auf eine akute virale Gastroenteritis ebenfalls in Betracht gezogen werden.


Acute Viral Gastroenteritis: Viruses Other Than Norovirus

Abstract. Norovirus is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis. Norovirus is highly contagious, thus outbreaks of norovirus in hospitals and long-term care facilities are feared. Usually, stool samples of patients with a potentially viral gastroenteritis are first checked for the presence of norovirus. In recent years, sapovirus and astrovirus were increasingly reported as cause of acute gastroenteritis. Outbreaks of acute viral gastroenteritis caused by sapovirus or astrovirus are hardly distinguishable from those caused by norovirus because of a similar clinical presentation. Molecular analyses of stool specimen are needed for accurate diagnosis of the viral cause of acute gastroenteritis. It is worth to further investigate stool samples of patients suspected of acute viral gastroenteritis not only for norovirus, but also for sapovirus and astrovirus.


Résumé. Le responsable principal de la gastro-entérite virale aiguë est le norovirus. Les flambées de gastro-entérite par norovirus dans les hôpitaux ou les maisons de soins sont particulièrement redoutées en raison de la contagiosité élevée du norovirus. Pour cette raison, en cas de suspicion d’une gastro-entérite virale aiguë, les examens de laboratoire recherchent principalement le norovirus. Ces dernières années, cependant, le sapovirus et astrovirus ont été décrits de plus en plus comme des agents pathogènes de la gastro-entérite virale. Cliniquement, le sapovirus et l’astrovirus ne sont guère différents du norovirus, et pour un diagnostic précis, l’analyse génétique moléculaire des échantillons de selles est nécessaire. Les Sapovirus et l’astrovirus ont des charactéristiques similaires de virus comme le norovirus et devraient donc être considérés en cas de suspicion d’une gastro-entérite virale aiguë.

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