Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In einer 6-jährigen Längsschnittstudie wurden frühe Einflüsse auf romantische Beziehungen bei jungen Erwachsenen untersucht. 72 Jugendliche nahmen im Alter von 14, 15 und 17 Jahren an jährlichen Untersuchungen teil, bei denen die Beziehungen zu ihren Eltern und engen Freunden durch das Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI) erfasst wurden. Außerdem wurde der Entwicklungsverlauf, bezogen auf eine eigenständige Identität und ein reifes Körperkonzept, erhoben. Beim Übergang zum Erwachsenenalter, im Alter von 20 Jahren, wurde die Stichprobe erneut untersucht, und zwar im Hinblick auf die Qualität ihrer derzeitigen romantischen Beziehungen, die durch die Love Experience Scales (LES) erhoben wurde. Eine Faktorenanalyse der LES erbrachte drei unterschiedliche Komponenten der romantischen Liebe: Vertrauen und Freundschaft, sexuelle Anziehung sowie ängstliche Liebe. Multiple Regressionsanalysen untersuchten dann den Einfluss von Prädiktoren aus dem Jugendalter zur Aufklärung der Varianz in romantischen Beziehungen im jungen Erwachsenenalter. Sowohl die Qualität früherer Beziehungen zu Eltern und engen Freunden als auch die Fähigkeit zur Entwicklung einer eigenständigen Identität und eines reifen Körperkonzepts im Jugendalter wurden herangezogen, um die drei Dimensionen der romantischen Liebe am Übergang ins Erwachsenenalter vorherzusagen. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass - in allen Phasen der Adoleszenz - die Qualität der Beziehung zu den Eltern und die wahrgenommene Körperkompetenz zwei sehr unterschiedliche Dimensionen romantischer Beziehungen im jungen Erwachsenenalter vorhersagten, nämlich Vertrauen und Freundschaft sowie sexuelle Anziehung. Die Qualität enger Freundschaftsbeziehungen hatte keine prädiktive Kraft zur Aufklärung romantischer Beziehungen im Erwachsenenalter. Identitätsaspekte waren nur in einigen Altersstufen der Adoleszenz von Bedeutung, und zwar ausschließlich bei der Vorhersage von sexueller Anziehung.
Abstract. In a six-year longitudinal study, the early factors influencing later romantic relationships in young adulthood were analyzed. Seventy-two adolescents participated annually in a survey assessing their relationships with parents and close friends at the ages of 14, 15, and 17 years. Information was obtained using the Network of Relationship Inventory (NRI). In addition, during their adolescent years, developmental progression in establishing a separate identity and developing a mature body concept was assessed. At the transition to young adulthood, at age 20, the sample was again investigated with a focus on their current quality of romantic relations, assessed via the Love Experience Scales (LES). Factor analysis of the LES revealed three distinctive components of romantic love in the young adults: trust and friendship, sexual attraction, and anxious love. A series of multiple regression analyses explored the different contributions of predictors from the adolescent years for explaining variance in romantic relations in young adulthood. More specifically, the quality of the earlier relationship to parents and friends as well as the capacity to establish a separate identity and a mature body concept were incorporated to predict the three components of romantic love. Results showed that, during all stages of adolescence, the quality of the relationship with parents and a sense of body competence contributed significantly to two different components of romantic relations, namely, trust and friendship as well as sexual attraction. The quality of relationships with friends contributed neither to trust and friendship nor to sexual attraction or anxious love in romantic relations. The pressure to establish separate identity contributed only to the prediction of sexual attraction.
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