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Übersicht

Entwicklungsorientierte Prävention von aggressiv-dissozialem Verhalten und Substanzmissbrauch

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0942-5403.12.2.84

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Empirische Befunde verdeutlichen, dass frühere (positive/negative) Erfahrungen spätere Erfahrungen im Entwicklungsverlauf beeinflussen. Aus diesem Grund setzen Präventionen von aggressiv-dissozialem Verhalten und Substanzmissbrauch oft bereits im frühen Kindesalter an. Am Beispiel aggressiv-dissozialen Verhaltens und von Substanzmissbrauch werden die theoretischen und empirischen Grundlagen für entwicklungsorientierte Präventionen im Kindesalter dargestellt. Es wird sowohl auf die Darstellung des Auftretens der Störungen im Entwicklungsverlauf, als auch auf wichtige Risikobedingungen beider Störungen eingegangen. Anschließend werden Entwicklungsmodelle diskutiert, die zentrale Risikobedingungen der Störungen im Entwicklungsverlauf berücksichtigen. Wesentliche Eigenschaft entwicklungsorientierter Prävention stellt - wie gezeigt wird - die Förderung risikomildernder Bedingungen und die Förderung der Bewältigung von Entwicklungsaufgaben dar. Abschließend werden ausgewählte Präventionsprogramme im Vorschul- und frühen Schulalter vorgestellt.


Developmental prevention of antisocial behavior and substance abuse

Abstract. Longitudinal study results prove that early (positive/negative) experiences may influence later development. Thus, preventive interventions of substance abuse and antisocial behavior are often implemented during early childhood. We summarize the theoretical and empirical basis of developmental prevention during childhood with regard to antisocial behavior and substance abuse. Apart from a description of developmental patterns and the course of these disorders, we summarize important risk factors. The paper subsequently presents developmental models which integrate important risk factors of the disorders. As indicated, a basic characteristic of developmental prevention is to enhance protective factors and to support children to cope with important developmental tasks. Finally, the paper discusses selected preventive interventions of antisocial behavior for preschool and (early) school children.

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