Feindseligkeit als koronarer Risikofaktor
Zum gegenwärtigen ForschungsstandÜberblicksarbeit
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Das Persönlichkeitsmerkmal “Feindseligkeit” ist in den letzten Jahren insbesondere in US-Forschungsarbeiten zu den Risikofaktoren der koronaren Herzerkrankung stark beachtet worden. Dabei wurde zumeist die Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Ho-Skala) zur Messung von Feindseligkeit verwandt, die im wesentlichen Zynismus erfaßt. Vorliegende empirische Studien legen nahe, daß Feindseligkeit mit einer erhöhten koronaren Morbidität bzw. Mortalität sowie der Schwere der Erkrankung verbunden ist. Hinsichtlich der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen liegen Befunde zur kardiovaskulären Reaktivität sowie zum Zusammenhang zwischen Hostilität und dem gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensstil bzw. dem Risikofaktorenprofil (z.B. fehlende soziale Unterstützung) vor. Die Konsequenzen für weitere Forschung werden diskutiert.
Abstract. Many US-studies have pondered the potential influence of hostility on coronary heart disease (CHD). In most of these studies the Cook-Medley Hostility Scale (Ho-scale) was administered. The central dimension of the Ho-scale seems to be cynicism. This review indicates that the evidence available from prospective and cross-sectional studies suggests that hostile persons may be at increased risk for subsequent and more severe CHD. There also is empirical evidence for several plausible mechanisms linking hostility to CHD, such as hightened physiological reactivity, less social support, and more unhealthy daily habits. Further research is needed.
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