Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Untersucht wurde der Einfluss der Limitierung kognitiver Kapazität auf die intellektuelle Leistungsfähigkeit. Bei 124 Studierenden wurden 7 computerbasierte Tests mit systematischer Variation kognitiver Anforderungen durch Veränderung der Anzahl notwendiger Ordnungs-, Gedächtnis- oder arithmetischer Operationen durchgeführt. Intelligenzdaten wurden mit Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices und dem Berliner Intelligenzstruktur-Test erhoben und zu einem Score zusammengefasst. Mit den Anforderungen stiegen Reaktionszeiten und Fehlerzahlen sowie gemeinsame Varianzen und Korrelationen von Intelligenz und Fehlerzahl bei 5 bzw. 2 (von 5) Vergleichen, während die Korrelation von Intelligenz und Reaktionszeit bei 3 Vergleichen abnahm. Durch Auspartialisierung von Speicherkapazität und Koordinationsleistung wurden alle Korrelationen beträchtlich reduziert. Die Befunde werden als Hinweis auf einen Zusammenhang zwischen Kapazitätslimitierung und intellektueller Leistungsfähigkeit gewertet.
Abstract.In a study examining the influence of cognitive capacity limitation on intellectual ability, 124 university students were subjected to 7 computer-based tests in which cognitive demands were manipulated by varying the number of required ordering, arithmetic, and memory operations, respectively. Intelligence data were obtained by forming a composite score from Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices and the Berlin Intelligence Structure Test. Increases in cognitive demands led to increases in reaction times and number of errors as well as to increases in common variance and in correlations between intelligence and number of errors in 5 and 2 (of 5) comparisons, respectively, while correlations between intelligence and reaction time were found to decrease with increasing task demands in 3 comparisons. All correlations were reduced considerably when storage capacity and coordination efficiency were partialled out. These findings suggest a relationship between capacity limitation and intellectual ability.
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