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Originalarbeit

Einfluss eines schwierigen frühkindlichen Temperaments auf die Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion unter psychosozialen Risikolagen

Published Online:March 02, 2018https://doi.org/10.1026/0049-8637/a000181

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Die Qualität frühkindlicher häuslicher Lernumwelt, insbesondere mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens, ist ein bedeutsamer Prädiktor kindlicher Entwicklung. Die Frage, ob diese Interaktionsqualität durch ein schwieriges Temperament des Kindes reduziert ist, wenn kumulierte Belastungsfaktoren ihre Bewältigungskapazitäten einschränken, wurde an 2190 Fällen der Startkohorte 1 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) untersucht. Im häuslichen Kontext wurde die Interaktionsqualität über Videoaufnahmen halb-strukturierter Spielsituationen, die übrigen Variablen über computerunterstützte Elterninterviews erhoben, als die Kinder 6 – 8 Monate alt waren. Während in der Nichtrisikogruppe kein Einfluss auf die Interaktionsqualität festzustellen war, zeigte sich in der Risikogruppe (Kumulation von mindestens drei Belastungsfaktoren) ein deutlicher negativer Zusammenhang mit der Neigung des Kindes zu negativen Affektäußerungen, nicht jedoch mit dessen Regulierbarkeit. Negative Affektivität stellt daher besonders in ohnehin gefährdeten Gruppen ein Entwicklungsrisiko dar.


The Effect of a Difficult Early Child Temperament on the Quality of Mother – Child Interactions With Psychosocial Risk Factors

Abstract. The quality of the early home learning environment, especially of maternal interaction behavior, strongly influences child development. Our study investigated whether this quality is reduced by a difficult child temperament in the presence of the cumulated strains of maternal coping capacities. We draw on 2,190 cases from Starting Cohort 1 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) when children were 6 – 8 months old. The quality of parent–child interactions was assessed in the household context by video coding of semistructured play situations, all other variables were examined via computer-assisted interviews. While there was no relationship in the nonrisk sample, in the risk sample (with at least three cumulated strains) children’s negative affectivity but not their regulatory capacities clearly reduced the interaction quality. This suggests that a difficult temperament poses an additional developmental risk for children growing up under demanding circumstances.

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