Die Entwicklungsbedingungen der Adaptivität
Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Befunde zu einem Entwicklungsmodell akkommodativer Regulationskompetenz
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Obwohl die Entwicklung intrapersonaler Selbstregulations- und Bewältigungsprozesse im Erwachsenenalter seit längerem theoretisch elaboriert und empirisch differenziert untersucht wird, ist bislang über die Entwicklungsbedingungen und -voraussetzungen von adaptiven Regulationsfähigkeiten sowie potenziellen Früh- und Vorformen im Kindes- und Jugendalter wenig bekannt. Vorliegende Ansätze und Studien zu Bewältigungsformen in Kindheit und Jugend konzentrieren sich meist auf weiter gefasste Facetten kindlicher Regulationskompetenz und sind bislang kaum mit Bezug auf erwachsene Copingreaktionen und die verbindenden Entwicklungsprozesse konzipiert. Das hier dargestellte Forschungsprogramm greift dieses Desiderat auf und soll erste Antworten auf ausgewählte Fragen nach den Entwicklungsbedingungen der individuellen Adaptivität liefern. Mit Bezug auf das Zwei-Prozess-Modell der Entwicklungsregulation im Erwachsenenalter (Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 2002) werden in zwei umfangreichen Studien verschiedene soziale, kognitive und affektive Entwicklungsbedingungen der Akkommodation im Jugendalter untersucht. Im Anschluss an diese Befunde wird abschließend ein erstes Entwicklungsmodell akkommodativer Regulationskomptenz vorgeschlagen.
Abstract. Although the development of intrapersonal self-regulation and coping processes in adulthood has been elaborated and differenciated theoretically and empirically for a long time, to date little is known about potential developmental (pre-) conditions and antecedents of adaptive regulation competences in childhood and adolescence. Present approaches and studies about types of coping in childhood and adolescence focus on broader facets of regulation competences and are designed without any reference to adult coping reactions and the connected developmental processes. The research program presented in this article takes up this desideratum and provides answers to selected questions about the developmental conditions of individual adaptivity. With regard to the two-process-model of developmental regulation in adulthood (Brandtstädter & Rothermund, 2002), two extensive studies investigate miscellaneous social, cognitive, and affective developmental conditions of accommodation in adolescence. Subsequent to the results a first developmental model of accommodative regulation competences is finally proposed.
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