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Originalia

Sozial-kognitive Theorien und Modelle zur Beschreibung und Veränderung von Sport und körperlicher Bewegung - ein Überblick

Published Online:March 09, 2015https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010.14.4.139

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Sozial-kognitive Theorien und Modelle lassen sich auf die Sport- und Bewegungsförderung anwenden und sie können helfen, diese Förderung theorie- und evidenzbasiert zu optimieren. Dazu werden im vorliegenden Beitrag zunächst zwei motivationale Modelle dargestellt: (1) die Theorie des geplanten Verhaltens (TPB) und (2) die Sozial-kognitive Theorie (SCT). Anschließend werden (3) die Planung als Beispiel für eine volitionale Variable sowie (4) das Sozial-kognitive Prozessmodell des Gesundheitsverhaltens (Health Action Process Approach, HAPA), ein Hybridmodell aus motivationalen, volitionalen und Stadienannahmen beschrieben. Stärken und Schwächen der vier Ansätze werden durch ausgewählte, aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse aufgezeigt. Vor diesem theoretischen und empirischen Hintergrund werden konkrete Hinweise zur Gestaltung besonders ressourcen-effizienter Maßnahmen zur Sport- und Bewegungsförderung geliefert. Damit kann nicht nur eine Optimierung von Maßnahmen erzielt sondern auch die Überprüfung und Weiterentwicklung von Theorien und Modellen vorangetrieben werden.


Prediction and promotion of sport and exercise: An overview of social cognitive theories and models

Abstract. Social cognitive theories and models can be applied to the promotion of sport and exercise, where they can contribute to their theoretically and empirically based optimization. Two motivational theories are described: (1) the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and (2) Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). This is followed by a discussion of (3) plans as volitional constructs and (4) the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), a hybrid model containing motivational, volitional, and stage assumptions. Strengths and weaknesses of the four approaches are illustrated with selected recent research findings. This theoretical and empirical background is used to derive concrete recommendations for the design of resource-efficient sport and exercise promotion programs. These can be used not only to optimize behavior change programs but also to test and further develop theories and models.

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