Emotional Intelligence: A Psychometric Analysis
Abstract
The paper describes the construction and the construct validation of an extensive test battery for use in the selection process in business and business education. It is based on notions of social competence and emotional intelligence (EI) in broad senses of the terms. Participants were 226 persons who had applied for admittance to the undergraduate program of the Stockholm School of Economics. Many indices were constructed on the basis of their test responses. In a second-order factor analysis, four factors were identified: mental stability, emotional intelligence proper, dominance (including creativity and mental energy), and compulsiveness. These factors were related to emotional skills and to standard personality scales (Big Five, MPI, and Myers-Briggs scales), as well as to scales measuring risk-taking attitudes and variables measuring response styles. It was found that the secondary factors were less subjected to self-presentation bias than the Big Five scales, and that they were about equal to the MPI scales in this respect. These three sets of scales were rather strongly related, while the Myers-Briggs scales were only weakly related. We identified dimensions of emotional skills in judgments of mood, social problem episodes, music and art samples, and facial expressions. Some of these skill measures were related to the secondary factors as expected, thus further validating them. EI was found to contribute variance to the explanation of emotional knowledge not contained in standard scales of personality. Also, risk attitudes were systematically related to the secondary factors. The four secondary factors were unrelated to intellectual ability, and they were unrelated to temporary mood when habitual mood was controlled for.
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