Abstract
The present study used a multi-method, multi-measure, multi-group approach to investigate the discriminant validity of prejudice-related Implicit Association Tests (IATs). Community members from three ethnic/racial groups in the US completed IATs and explicit measures of attitudes toward African Americans and Latinos, with Whites used as the comparison group. The results of this study provided strong support for the discriminant validity of the IATs by showing, (a) expected patterns of variation among the three participant groups that were unique to each IAT, (b) unique relations between responses on each IAT and corresponding (same-group) explicit measures of prejudice, and (c) invariance across the three participant groups in the degree to which the attitude measures loaded on two latent factors, indicating distinct attitudes toward African Americans and Latinos.
References
2003). Amos 5.0: Update to the Amos user’s guide. Chicago: SmallWaters.
(2001). Implicit attitudes can be measured. In , The Nature of remembering: Essays in honor of Robert G. Crowder (pp. 117–150). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
(2004). Implicit and explicit ethnocentrism: Revisiting the ideologies of prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1332–1346.
(2001). Implicit attitude measures: Consistency, stability, and convergent validity. Psychological Science, 12, 163–170.
(2002). What does the Implicit Association Test measure? A test of the convergent and discriminant validity of prejudice-related IATs. Experimental Psychology, 49, 171–180.
(1998). Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The Implicit Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1464–1480.
(2001). Health of the Implicit Association Test at age 3. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 85–93.
(2003). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: I, An improved scoring algorithm. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 197–216.
(2009). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: III. Meta-analysis of predictive validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 97, 17–41.
(2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881–920.
(2007). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: IV: What we know (so far) about the method. In , Implicit measures of attitudes (pp. 59–102). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
(2001). Implicit association measurement with the IAT: Evidence for effects of executive control processes. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 107–122.
(2003). Contextual variations in implicit evaluation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 132, 455–469.
(2002). Harvesting implicit group attitudes and beliefs from a demonstration website. Group Dynamics, 6, 101–115.
(2005). Understanding and using the Implicit Association Test: II. Method variables and construct validity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 166–180.
(2007). The Implicit Association Test at age 7: A methodological and conceptual review. In , Social psychology and the unconscious: The automaticity of higher mental processes. Frontiers of social psychology (pp. 265–292). New York: Psychology Press.
(2007). A multitrait-multimethod validation of the Implicit Association Test: Implicit and explicit attitudes are related but distinct constructs. Experimental Psychology, 54, 14–29.
(2001). Figure-ground asymmetries in the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie, 48, 94–106.
(1987). Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory. Oxford: Blackwell.
(