Skip to main content
Research Report

Exploring the Effects of Personal Information in Television News

A Cognitive Approach

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000254

Abstract. We report the results of an experiment in which participants (N = 41) watched a number of television news clips containing either personal or professional stories about celebrities, while measures of information encoding, storage, and retrieval were collected together with psychophysiological measures of autonomous nervous system activity. The results show that the presence of personal information elicits attentional resources allocation and improves memory for contents, suggesting that personal information benefits from a deeper cognitive processing compared with professional information. These findings provide preliminary evidence on the cognitive effects of personal information that encourages further research on several dimensions of media use such as fandom or gossip media from a cognitive point of view.

References

  • Baumeister, R. F., Zhang, L. & Vohs, K. D. (2004). Gossip as cultural learning. Review of General Psychology, 8(1), 111–121. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.111 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bradley, M. M., Codispoti, M., Cuthbert, B. N. & Lang, P. J. (2001). Emotion and motivation I: Defensive and appetitive reactions in picture processing. Emotion, 1(3), 276–298. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.276 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Carpenter, A. & Greene, K. (2016). Social penetration theory. In C. R. BergerM. E. RoloffEds., The international encyclopedia of interpersonal communication (1st ed., pp. 1–4). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dunbar, R. I. M. (2004). Gossip in evolutionary perspective. Review of General Psychology, 8, 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.100 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Foster, E. K. (2004). Research on gossip: Taxonomy, methods, and future directions. Review of General Psychology, 8(1), 78–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.8.2.78 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Keene, J. R., Clayton, R. B., Berke, C. K., Loof, T. & Bolls, P. D. (2017). On the use of beats-per-minute and interbeat interval in the analysis of cardiac responses to mediated messages. Communication Research Reports, 34(3), 265–274. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2017.1334640 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Laborde, S., Mosley, E. & Thayer, J. F. (2017). Heart rate variability and cardiac vagal tone in psychophysiological research: Recommendations for experiment planning, data analysis, and data reporting. Frontiers in Psychology, 8(213). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00213 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Lang, A. (2006). Using the limited capacity model for motivated mediated message processing to design effective cancer communication messages. Journal of Communication, 56(s1), s57–s80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460–2466.2006.00283.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lang, A., Park, B., Sanders-Jackson, A. N., Wilson, B. D. & Wang, Z. (2007). Cognition and emotion in TV message processing: How valence, arousing content, structural complexity, and information density affect the availability of cognitive resources. Media Psychology, 10(3), 317–338. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260701532880 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Peirce, J. W. (2007). PsychoPy–psychophysics software in Python. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1–2), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.11.017 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Petronio, S. & Durham, W. (2008). Understanding and applying communication privacy management theory. In L. A. BaxterD. O. BraithwaiteEds., Engaging theories in interpersonal communication (pp. 309–322). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Turner, G. (2004). Understanding celebrity. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar