Abstract
Abstract. Cultural priming studies frequently employ non-validated, stereotypical images. Here, we empirically select images to separately evoke two cultural mindsets: Hispanic and US-American. Spanish-English bilinguals identifying as Hispanic/Latino (N = 149) rated 50 images online for their cultural and emotional evocation. Based on relative cultural identification, cultural “delegate” (strongly US-American, strongly Hispanic, balanced bicultural) subsamples’ ratings were averaged to isolate particularly salient images. Image ratings were compared across respondents’ national origins. Ratings of seven selected pairs of content-matched Hispanic and US-American primes were compared across the full sample. High discrimination across cultural mindsets and positive emotion ratings were maintained regardless of various demographic factors. Thus, we provide empirical justification for incorporating these stimuli, individually or as sets, within cultural priming studies among Hispanic/Latino samples.
References
2015). Cultural priming as a tool to understand multiculturalism and culture. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), Article 13 https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1134
(2012).
(Multiculturalism: Cultural, social, and personality processes . In K. DeauxM. SnyderEds., The Oxford handbook of personality and social psychology (pp. 623–648). Oxford Library of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398991.013.00252002). Negotiating biculturalism: Cultural frame switching in biculturals with oppositional versus compatible cultural identities. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 492–516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005005
(2001). Negotiation of identities in multilingual contexts, Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069010050030101
(2010). Social identity salience: Effects on identity‐based brand choices of Hispanic consumers. Psychology & Marketing, 27(3), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20331
(2015). Toward a social psychology of bilingualism and biculturalism. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 18(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12088
(2010). Dynamic cultural influences on neural representations of the self. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21192
(1992). Towards a situated approach to ethnolinguistic identity: The effects of status on individuals and groups. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 11(4), 203–232. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X92114002
(2001). Interethnic contact, identity, and psychological adjustment: The mediating and moderating roles of communication. Journal of Social Issues, 57(3), 559–577. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-4537.00229
(2000). De-privileging positions: Indian Americans, South Asian Americans, and the Politics of Asian American studies. Journal of Asian American Studies, 3(1), 67–100. https://doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2000.0003
(2006). The impact of response styles on the stability of cross-national comparisons. Journal of Business Research, 59(8), 925–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2006.03.001
(2000). Acculturation of Vietnamese students living in or away from Vietnamese communities. Journal of Multicultural Counseling and Development, 28(4), 225–242. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.2000.tb00617.x
(1996). GPOWER: A general power analysis program. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers, 28(1), 1–11. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03203630.pdf
(2012).
(The immigrant family: Cultural legacies and cultural changes . In C. Suarez-OrozcoM. Suarez-OrozcoD. B. Qin-HilliardEds., The new immigration (pp. 171–180). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1177/0197918397031004072020). Image descriptions and ratings, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/XUHNM
(2012). Culture, attention, and emotion. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023817
(2009). Evidence that a simpático self-schema accounts for differences in the self-concepts and social behavior of Latinos versus Whites (and Blacks). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 96(5), 1012–1028. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013883
(2000). Multicultural minds: A dynamic constructivist approach to culture and cognition. American Psychologist, 55(7), 709–720. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.7.709
(1996). Becoming” Hispanic”: Secondary panethnic identification among Latin American-origin populations in the United States. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 18(2), 214–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/07399863960182008
(2012). Perceived and actual competence and ethnic identity in heritage language learning: A case of Korean-American college students. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(3), 279–294. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2011.626846
(2004). Language and self-construal priming: A replication and extension in a Hong Kong sample. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35(6), 705–712. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022104270112
(2011). Ethnic label use in adolescents from traditional and non-traditional immigrant communities. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(6), 719–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9597-3
(2016). Cultural frame switching and emotion among Mexican Americans. Journal of Latinos and Education, 15(2), 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9597-3
(2008). Is acculturation a dynamic construct? The influence of method of priming culture on acculturation. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(3), 324–339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986308319570
(2009). Can language prime culture in Hispanics? The differential impact of self‐construals in predicting intention to use a condom. International Journal of Psychology, 44(6), 468–476. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590902835710
(1991). Research with Hispanic populations, Sage Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412985734
(2013). Bicultural self-defense in consumer contexts: Self-protection motives are the basis for contrast versus assimilation to cultural cues. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(2), 175–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2012.06.002
(2011). Isolating effects of cultural schemas: Cultural priming shifts Asian-Americans’ biases in social description and memory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.08.019
(2010). Dynamic bicultural brains: fMRI study of their flexible neural representation of self and significant others in response to culture primes. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 13(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-839X.2010.01303.x
(2009). Effects of culture priming on the social connectedness of the bicultural self: A self-reference effect approach. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 40(2), 170–186. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108328818
(2007).
(Priming “culture”: Culture as situated cognition . In S. KitayamaD. CohenEds., Handbook of cultural psychology (pp. 255–279). The Guilford Press. https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/89923/oyserman___lee__2007_._priming_culture.pdf?sequence=12008). Does culture influence what and how we think? Effects of priming individualism and collectivism. Psychological Bulletin, 134(2), 311–342. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.134.2.311
(2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.R-project.org/
. (2008). Paradox lost: Unraveling the puzzle of Simpatía. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39(6), 703–715. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108323786
(2008). Family cohesion and its relationship to psychological distress among Latino groups. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 30(3), 357–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986308318713
(2019). You go before me, please: Behavioral politeness and interdependent self as markers of Simpatía in Latinas. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 25(3), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000232
(2017). Hablo Inglés y Español: Cultural self-schemas as a function of language. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 885. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00885
(2003). Stress within a bicultural context for adolescents of Mexican descent. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 9(2), 171–184. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.9.2.171
(2017). Linguistic predictors of cultural identification in bilinguals. Applied Linguistics, 38(4), 463–488. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv049
(2005). The complexity behind the Hispanic identity. Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling, 36(2), 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.36.2.20
(2010). Age and cross-cultural comparison of drivers’ cognitive workload and performance in simulated urban driving. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 11(4), 533–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-010-0065-6
(2011). Is expressive suppression always associated with poorer psychological functioning? A cross-cultural comparison between European Americans and Hong Kong Chinese. Emotion, 11(6), 1450–1455. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023340
(2008). The affective regulation of cognitive priming. Emotion, 8(2), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.8.2.208
(2012). When labels don’t fit: Hispanics and their views of identity, Pew Hispanic Center. https://media.kjzz.org/s3fs-public/field/docs/2012/04/04/Hispanic-Identity.pdf
(2017). Profile America facts for features: Hispanic heritage month 2017 (CB17-FF.17). https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/newsroom/facts-for-features/2017/cb17-ff17.pdf
. (2002). Biculturalism among older children: Cultural frame switching, attributions, self-identification, and attitudes. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(6), 596–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102238271
(2011). Encoding details: Positive emotion leads to memory broadening. Cognition & Emotion, 25(7), 1255–1262. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.540821
(2013). Heritage-culture images disrupt immigrants’ second-language processing through triggering first-language interference. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(28), 11272–11277. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1304435110
(