Abstract
This paper focuses on processes and consequences of intergroup interactions in plural societies, focusing primarily on majority-minority mutuality in acculturation orientations. We examine commonalities and differences among conceptualizations and models addressing issues of mutuality. Our review includes the mutual acculturation model (Berry, 1997), the Interactive Acculturation Model (IAM – Bourhis et al., 1997), the Concordance Model of Acculturation (CMA – Piontkowski et al., 2002); the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM – Navas et al., 2005), and the work on acculturation discrepancies conducted by Horenczyk (1996, 2000). We also describe a trend toward convergence of acculturation research and the socio-psychological study of intergroup relations addressing issues of mutuality in attitudes, perceptions, and expectations. Our review has the potential to enrich the conceptual and methodological toolbox needed for understanding and investigating acculturation in complex modern societies, where majorities and minorities, immigrants and nationals, are engaged in continuous mutual contact and interaction, affecting each other’s acculturative choices and acculturative expectations.
References
(2003). Multiculturalism and acculturation: Views of Dutch and Turkish-Dutch. European Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 249–266.
(2007). Acculturation attitudes: A comparison of measurement methods. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 37, 1462–1488.
(2011). Negotiating dual identities: The impact of group-based rejection on identification and acculturation. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 586–595.
(1974). Psychological aspects of cultural pluralism: Unity and identity reconsidered. Topics in Culture Learning, 2, 17–22.
(1980). Acculturation as varieties of adaptation. In , Acculturation: Theory, models and some new findings (pp. 9–25). Boulder, CO: Westview.
(1997). Immigration, acculturation and adaptation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 46, 5–68.
(2006a). Contexts of acculturation. In , The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 27–41). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
(2006b). Mutual attitudes among immigrants and ethnocultural groups in Canada. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 719–734.
(2006). Immigrant youth in cultural transition: Acculturation, identity and adaptation across national contexts. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
(2002). Acculturation and adaptation of Soviet Jewish refugee adolescents: Predictors of adjustment across life domains. American Journal of Community Psychology, 30, 585–607.
(1997). Toward an Interactive Acculturation Model: A social psychological approach. International Journal of Psychology, 32, 369–386.
(1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135–149.
(1986). Coping with threatened identities. London, UK: Methuen.
(2011). The dynamics of acculturation: An intergroup perspective. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 130–176.
(2000). Acculturation attitudes of the Dutch and the Germans towards the European Union: The importance of national and European identification. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 21, 1–13.
(2003). Perceived intergroup threat and attitudes of host community members toward immigrant acculturation. Journal of Social Psychology, 143, 633–648.
(1996). Migrant identities in conflict: Acculturation attitudes and perceived acculturation ideologies. In , Changing European Identities (pp. 241–250). Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann.
(2000). Conflicted identities: Acculturation attitudes and the immigrants’ construction of their social worlds. In , Language, identity, and immigration (pp. 13–30). Jerusalem, Israel: Magnes.
(2007). Acculturation orientations toward two majority groups: The case of Palestinian Arab Christian adolescents in Israel. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 38, 76–86.
(2006, July). Acculturation attitudes, perceived ingroup and outgroup expectations, and adaptation among immigrant adolescents. Paper presented at the 18th International Congress of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, Spetses, Greece.
(2006). Is pluralism a viable model of diversity? The benefits and limits of subgroup respect. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 9, 359–376.
(1986). Patterns of ethnic minority identification and modes of social adaptation. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 9, 150–167.
(1991). Ethnic minority identity: A social psychological perspective. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press/Oxford University Press.
(2003). The interactive nature of acculturation: Perceived discrimination, acculturation attitudes and stress among young ethnic repatriates in Finland, Israel and Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 27, 79–97.
(2009). To identify or not to identify? National disidentification as an alternative reaction to perceived ethnic discrimination. Applied Psychology, 58, 105–128.
(2012). Identity and attitudinal reactions to perceptions of inter-group interactions among ethnic migrants: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Social Psychology, 51, 312–329.
(2001). Acculturation. In , Blackwell handbook of social psychology: An Intergroup processes (pp. 386–406). Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
(2011). The role of immigrant acculturation preferences and generational status in determining majority intergroup attitudes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 776–785.
(2011). Cultural discordance and the polarization of identities. Group Processes Intergroup Relations, 14, 505–515.
(2005). Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM): New contributions with regard to the study of acculturation. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 21–37.
(2007). Acculturation strategies and attitudes according to the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM): The perspectives of natives versus immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 31, 67–86.
(2006). Acculturation preferences of majority and minority adolescents in Germany in the context of society and family. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 703–717.
(2001). Ethnic identity, immigration, and well-being: An interactional perspective. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 493–510.
(2002). Concordance of acculturation attitudes and perceived threat. Groups Processes and Intergroup relations, 5, 221–232.
(2011). “What About Me?” Perceptions of exclusion and whites’ reactions to multiculturalism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 337.
(2000). Acculturation-discrepancies and well-being: The moderating role of conformity. European Journal of Social Psychology, 30, 323–334.
(2008). Toward a unifying model of identification with groups: Integrating theoretical perspectives. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 280–306.
(1936). Memorandum for the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38, 149–152.
(2006). The role of discordant acculturation attitudes in perceived threat: An analysis of host and immigrant attitudes in Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 683–702.
(2008). When attitudes do not fit: Discordance of acculturation attitudes as an antecedent of intergroup threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 337–352.
(1999). Microcosm and multiple minorities: The Christian communities in Israel. In , Israel yearbook and almanac (pp. 28–42). Jerusalem, Israel: IBRT Tranlation/Documentation.
(2006). Acculturation: Conceptual background and core concepts. In , The Cambridge handbook of acculturation psychology (pp. 11–26). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
(2010). Acculturation: When individuals and groups of different cultural backgrounds meet. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 5, 472–481.
(2009). “Our way of life is worth defending”: Testing a model of attitudes towards superordinate group membership through a study of Scots’ attitudes towards Britain. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 114–129.
(2003). When integration does not necessarily imply integration different conceptualizations of acculturation orientations lead to different classifications. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 34, 231–239.
(2012). Is support for multiculturalism threatened by … threat itself? International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 36, 22–30.
(1998). Attitudes of minority and majority members towards adaptation of immigrants. European Journal of Social Psychology, 28, 995–1013.
(2008). Multiculturalism: Construct validity and stability. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 32, 93–104.
(2005). The social psychology of ethnic identity. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
(2002). Multiculturalism among minority and majority adolescents in the Netherlands. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 26, 91–108.
(2007). National (dis)identification and ethnic and religious identity: A study among Turkish-Dutch Muslims. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 1448–1462.
(1993). Psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions: A comparison of secondary students overseas and at home. International Journal of Psychology, 28, 129–147.
(2006). Considering the Towel of Babel: Correlates of assimilation and multiculturalism among ethnic minority and majority groups in the United States. Social Justice Research, 19, 277–306.
(2010). Pre-migration acculturation attitudes among potential ethnic migrants from Russia to Finland. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34, 326–339.
(2002). The relationship between acculturation strategies, relative fit and intergroup relations: Immigrant-majority relations in Germany. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 171–188.
