Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Next article
Original Article

Psychometric Properties of the French Brief Resilience Scale

Published Online:June 03, 2019https://doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000022

Abstract

Abstract. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) is a reliable and valid assessment of the self-perceived ability to bounce back or recover quickly from stress. The current study translated and validated the French version of the BRS (BRS-F) in a sample of N = 220 midwives. In a confirmatory factor analysis, the unifactorial model fitted acceptably to the data. High levels of Tucker’s φ implied that the component loadings of the BRS-F and of the original BRS are almost equal. The BRS-F demonstrated good levels of reliability and meaningful correlations with mental health symptoms and burnout. The resilience-mental health difficulties link was fully mediated through emotional exhaustion. Thus, the BRS-F is a psychometrically sound assessment of self-perceived resilience, which is now available to researchers and clinicians in French-speaking contexts. The results also suggest that the BRS-F is relevant for use by healthcare professionals who may benefit from interventions aimed at increasing their resilience.

References

  • Amat, S., Subhan, M., Jaafar, W. M. W., Mahmud, Z., & Johari, K. S. K. (2014). Evaluation and psychometric status of the Brief Resilience Scale in a sample of Malaysian international students. Asian Social Science, 10, 240–245. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v10n18p240 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Aust, B., Rugulies, R., Skakon, J., Scherzer, T., & Jensen, C. (2007). Psychosocial work environment of hospital workers: Validation of a comprehensive assessment scale. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44, 814–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.01.008 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bentler, P. M. (2006). EQS 6 structural equation program manual. Encino, CA: Mutivariate Software, Inc. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bocerean, C., & Dupret, E. (2014). A validation study of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in a large sample of French employees. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 354. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-014-0354-0 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Breslau, N., Peterson, E. L., Kessler, R. C., & Schultz, L. R. (1999). Short screening scale for DSM-IV posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 156, 908–911. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.6.908 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Brown, T. A. (2006). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Carver, C. S. (1998). Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 245–266. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1998.tb01217.x First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Chmitorz, A., Kunzler, A., Helmreich, I., Tüscher, O., Kalisch, R., Kubiak, T., … Lieb, K. (2018). Intervention studies to foster resilience – a systematic review and proposal for a resilience framework in future intervention studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 59, 78–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.002 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Chmitorz, A., Wenzel, M., Stieglietz, R.-D., Kunzler, A., Bagusat, C., Helmreich, I., … Tüscher, O. (2018). Population based validation of a German version of the Brief Resilience Scale. PLoS One, 13, e0192761. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192761 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Connor, K. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2003). Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.10113 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Holanda Coelho, G. L. H., Cavalcanti, T. M., Rezende, A. T., & Gouveia, V. V. (2016). Brief Resilience Scale: Testing its factorial structure and invariance in Brazil. Universitas Psychologica, 15, 397–408. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy15-2.brst First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dion, G., & Tessier, R. (1994). Validation de la traduction de l’lnventaire d’epuisement professionnel de Maslach et Jackson [Validation of the translation of Maslach and Jackson’s Burnout Inventory]. Revue Canadienne des Sciences du Comportement, 26, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1037/0008-400X.26.2.210 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Favrod, C., Jan du Chêne, L., Martin Soelch, C., Garthus-Niegel, S., Tolsa, J. F., Legault, F., … Horsch, A. (2018). Mental health symptoms and work-related stressors in hospital midwives and NICU nurses: A mixed methods study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 364. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00364 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Feldt, L. S., Woodruff, D. J., & Salih, F. A. (1987). Statistical inference for coefficient alpha. Applied Psychological Measurement, 11, 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/014662168701100107 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • García-Izquierdo, M., de Pedro, M., Ríos-Risquez, M., & Sánchez, M. (2017). Resilience as a moderator of psychological health in situations of chronic stress (burnout) in a sample of hospital nurses. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 50, 228–236. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12367 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gloria, C. T., & Steinhardt, M. A. (2014). Relationships among positive emotions, coping, resilience and mental health. Stress and Health, 32, 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2589 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Grant, L., & Kinman, G. (2012). Enhancing wellbeing in social work students: Building resilience in the next generation. Social Work Education, 31, 605–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2011.590931 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis. A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hildingsson, I., Westlund, K., & Wiklund, I. (2013). Burnout in Swedish midwives. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 4, 87–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2013.07.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Howe, A., Smajdor, A., & Stöckl, A. (2012). Towards an understanding of resilience and its relevance to medical training. Medical Education, 46, 349–356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2011.04188.x First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Jacobs, I., Charmillot, M., Soelch, C. M., & Horsch, A. (2018). Validity, reliability, and factor structure of the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale – French version. Manuscript submitted for publication. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • JASP Team. (2018). JASP (Version 0.9) [Computer software]. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: University of Amsterdam. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Knezevic, B., Milosevic, M., Golubic, R., Belosevic, L., Russo, A., & Mustajbegovic, J. (2011). Work-related stress and work ability among Croatian university hospital midwives. Midwifery, 27, 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.04.002 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lai, J. C., & Yue, X. (2014). Using the Brief Resilience Scale to assess Chinese people’s ability to bounce back from stress. Sage Open, 4, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244014554386 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Leinweber, J., Creedy, D. K., Rowe, H., & Gamble, J. (2017). Responses to birth trauma and prevalence of posttraumatic stress among Australian midwives. Women & Birth, 30, 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2016.06.006 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Leinweber, J., & Rowe, H. J. (2010). The costs of “being with the woman”: Secondary traumatic stress in midwifery. Midwifery, 26, 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2008.04.003 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Leontjevas, R., de Beek, W. O., Lataster, J., & Jacobs, N. (2014). Resilience to affective disorders: A comparative validation of two resilience scales. Journal of Affective Disorders, 168, 262–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2014.07.010 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Lorenzo-Seva, U., & ten Berge, J. M. (2006). Tucker’s congruence coefficient as a meaningful index of factor similarity. Methodology, 2, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.2.2.57 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2, 99–113. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: Recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 15, 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20311 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. The American Psychologist, 52, 509–516. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.52.5.509 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Meichenbaum, D. (1977). Cognitive behaviour modification. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 6, 185–192. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.1977.9626708 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Muliira, R. S., Sendikadiwa, V. B., & Lwasampijja, F. (2015). Predictors of death anxiety among midwives who have experienced maternal death situations at work. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 19, 1024–1032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-014-1601-1 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Reich, J. W.Zautra, A. J.Hall, J. S. (Eds.). (2010). Handbook of adult resilience. New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Riley, M. R., Mohr, D. C., & Waddimba, A. C. (2018). The reliability and validity of three-item screening measures for burnout: Evidence from group-employed health care practitioners in upstate New York. Stress and Health, 34, 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2762 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rodríguez-Rey, R., Alonso-Tapia, J., & Hernansaiz-Garrido, H. (2016). Reliability and validity of the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) Spanish version. Psychological Assessment, 28, e101–e110. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000191 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2001). A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66, 507–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02296192 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sheen, K., Slade, P., & Spiby, H. (2014). An integrative review of the impact of indirect trauma exposure in health professionals and potential issues of salience for midwives. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70, 729–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12274 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Sheen, K., Spiby, H., & Slade, P. (2015). Exposure to traumatic perinatal experiences and posttraumatic stress symptoms in midwives: Prevalence and association with burnout. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52, 578–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.11.006 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Smith, B. W., Dalen, J., Wiggins, K., Tooley, E. M., Christopher, P. J., & Bernard, J. (2008). The brief resilience scale: assessing the ability to bounce back. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 15, 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705500802222972 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Smith, B. W., Tooley, E. M., Christopher, P. J., & Kay, V. S. (2010). Resilience as the ability to bounce back from stress: A neglected personal resource? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 5, 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2010.482186 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics. Essex, UK: Pearson. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Weigold, A., Weigold, I. K., & Russell, E. J. (2013). Examination of the equivalence of self-report survey-based paper-and-pencil and internet data collection methods. Psychological Methods, 18, 53–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031607 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wild, D., Grove, A., Martin, M., Eremenco, S., McElroy, S., Verjee-Lorenz, A., & Erikson, P. (2005). Principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) measures: report of the ISPOR task force for translation and cultural adaptation. Value in Health, 8, 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Windle, G., Bennett, K. M., & Noyes, J. (2011). A methodological review of resilience measurement scales. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 9, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-9-8 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Zou, G., Shen, X., Tian, X., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L., & Li, P. (2016). Correlates of psychological distress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses. Industrial Health, 54, 389–395. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2015-0103 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar