Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Ziel der Längsschnittstudie ist es, herauszufinden, welche mütterlichen Faktoren die Auswirkungen adoleszenter Mutterschaft auf die kognitive und sprachliche Entwicklung sowie Verhaltensprobleme bei Kindern im Vorschulalter beeinflussen. Basierend auf dem aktuellen Stand der Literatur wurden mütterliche Feinfühligkeit (EA), Sozioökonomischer Status (SES) und psychische Belastung als mögliche Einflussfaktoren identifiziert. Methodik:N = 31 adoleszente und N = 47 adulte Mütter mit ihren Kindern im Alter von 3.0 bis 5.9 Jahren (M = 3.55) nahmen an der Studie teil. Kindliche Variablen beinhalteten die kognitive Entwicklung (WPPSI-III), Sprachentwicklung (SSV) und Verhaltensprobleme (SDQ). Mütterliche Faktoren umfassen mütterliche Feinfühligkeit in der Mutter-Kind Interaktion (EA), sozioökonomischen Status (SES) sowie psychische Belastung (BSI-18). Ergebnisse: Kinder adoleszenter Mütter erzielten schlechtere Leistungen in ihrer kognitiven und sprachlichen Entwicklung und wurden von ihren Müttern als verhaltensauffälliger beschrieben als Kinder adulter Mütter. Mediationsanalysen zeigten, dass der Effekt des Alters der Mütter auf die kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder über eine geringere Feinfühligkeit mediiert wurde. Ferner wurde der Zusammenhang zwischen mütterlichem Alter und kindlichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten über eine höhere psychische Belastung der Mütter mediiert. Schlussfolgerung: Kinder adoleszenter Mütter weisen, verglichen mit gleichaltrigen Kindern adulter Mütter, im Vorschulalter Entwicklungsdefizite auf. Diese können teilweise durch eine geringere Feinfühligkeit und eine höhere psychische Belastung adoleszenter Mütter erklärt werden.
Abstract.Objective: This longitudinal study aims to identify relevant risk factors in adolescent mothers which might impact their child’s cognitive and speech development as well as behavior problems at preschool age. Based on earlier findings, maternal sensitivity (EA), socioeconomic status (SES) and psychological stress were identified as potentially influencing factors. Method: N = 31 adolescent and N = 47 adult mothers with their children aged 3;0 to 5;9 (M = 3;55) participated in this study. Child variables included cognitive development (WPPSI-III), language development (SSV), and behavioral problems (SDQ). Maternal factors were EA, SES, and mental health problems (BSI-18). Results: Children of adolescent mothers performed worse on cognitive and speech development and are described by their mothers as exhibiting more behavioral problems compared to children of adult mothers. Mediation analyses revealed that the effect of maternal age on children’s cognitive development is occurs through reduced maternal sensitivity of adolescent mothers. Further, higher psychological stress of adolescent mothers mediated the effect of maternal age on children’s behavior problems. Conclusion: Preschool children of adolescent mothers showed poorer developmental outcomes compared to children of adult mothers. This is partly explained by lower maternal sensitivity and higher rates of psychological stress among adolescent mothers.
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