Neurobiologische und kognitive Grundlagen der Sucht
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Obwohl unser Verständnis der Rolle neurobiologischer und kognitiver Mechanismen für die Entstehung und Aufrechterhaltung von Sucht ständig zunimmt, wird dieses Wissen noch wenig in die ärztliche oder psychotherapeutische Ausbildung und Praxis integriert. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über diejenigen neuronalen und kognitiven Prozesse, die den verschiedenen Symptomen der Sucht zugrunde liegen. Dazu gehören das Motivations- und Gedächtnissystem sowie automatisiertes Verhalten und exekutive Kontrollfunktionen. Besonders betont wird die Relevanz neurowissenschaftlicher Forschungsergebnisse für ein besseres Verständnis der neurophysiologischen Hintergründe der diagnostischen Kriterien des Abhängigkeitssyndroms.
Abstract.Despite the constantly growing evidence for an involvement of neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms in the development and maintenance of addiction, only little of this knowledge is incorporated in medical and psychotherapeutical training and treatment. The present paper reviews the literature on neuronal and cognitive processes underlying the different symptoms of addiction. These include the motivation and memory systems as well as systems controlling automatized behavior and executive functions. In particular, we focus on the relevance of recent neuroscientific research for the understanding of the neurophysiological background of the diagnostic criteria for addiction.
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