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Originalia

Prävention von Angst und Depression bei Jugendlichen

Ergebnisse einer Follow-Up-Untersuchung nach 6 Monaten

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0943-8149.9.4.168

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Der Beitrag stellt ein neu entwickeltes Präventionsprogramm für Angststörungen und depressive Störungen vor. Das Programm basiert auf kognitiv-behavioralen Theorien zur Depression und Angst. Es wird im schulischen Setting in acht neunzigminütigen Sitzungen, d.h. mit einer Nettoprogrammzeit von 12 Stunden angewendet. Im Rahmen einer Interventionsstudie wurden die Effekte des Programms bei einer unselektierten Gruppe von Schülern in gegebenen Schulklassen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass eine Reihe von kognitiven Risikofaktoren für Depression und Angst und die Selbstwirksamkeit als protektiver Faktor durch das Programm erreicht werden. Die Treatmentgruppe profitierte zur Nachuntersuchung hinsichtlich dysfunktionaler Einstellungen und der katastrophisierenden Interpretationsneigung bei externen mehrdeutigen Stimuli. Eine Differenzierung nach Geschlecht und Risikostatus zeigte, dass Jungen deutlicher vom Training profitierten als Mädchen und dass Jugendliche ohne erhöhtes Risiko, an einer Depression oder Angststörung zu erkranken, stärker profitierten als Risikopersonen. Für die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung und die katastrophisierende Interpretation externer Reize waren Effekte für die Subgruppen teilweise bis zum Follow-Up nachweisbar. Hinsichtlich der psychischen Belastungen, gemessen an Symptomfragebögen zu Angst und Depression, zeigten sich keine Effekte in der intendierten Richtung.


Prevention of anxiety and depression in adolescents. Results of a 6-months follow-up study

Abstract. This article presents a newly developed prevention program for anxiety disorders and depression. The program is based on cognitive behavioral theories for depression and anxiety. It is administered in entire school classes during eight sessions with 90 minutes each. The net program time is twelve hours. The effects of the program were examined during an intervention study with unselected groups of adolescents within the school setting. Some of the potential cognitive risk factors for depression and anxiety disorders such as dysfunctional attitudes, catastrophic interpretation of external stimuli, and self-efficacy, a protective factor, are modified by the program. We found effects for the treatment group regarding dysfunctional attitudes and the catastrophic interpretation of external stimuli. Differential analyses showed that boys responded better to the program and that adolescents not at risk for anxiety or depression also responded better than adolescents at risk. Positive effects for self-efficacy and the tendency to catastrophize in the initial explanation of external stimuli were found even at the 6-month follow-up. Regarding a reduction of self-reported anxiety and depression no interaction effect between group and time in the intended direction could be found.

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