Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Psychische Störungen zählen zu den wichtigsten Ursachen für Parasuizide und Suizide. Dies gilt für das Erwachsenenalter und mit gewissen Abstrichen auch für das Jugendalter. Die häufigsten psychischen Störungen im Zusammenhang mit Suizidalität im Jugendalter sind akute Belastungsreaktionen, affektive Störungen, Substanzmissbrauch sowie Borderline-Syndrome und andere beginnende Persönlichkeitsstörungen. Essstörungen und Schizophrenien sind dagegen im Jugendalter noch nicht mit erhöhten Parasuiziden verknüpft. Anhand einer Gesamtstichprobe von 537 konsekutiv aufgenommenen und nach ICD-10 diagnostizierten stationär behandelten jugendpsychiatrischen Patienten konnten 163 mit parasuizidalen Symptomen bei Aufnahme ermittelt werden, die etwa zur Hälfte aus parasuizidalen Gedanken und parasuizidalen Handlungen bestanden. Der Anteil parasuizidaler Jugendlicher auf der Aufnahmestation lag bei etwa 66 %, auf der Therapiestation (Rottmannshöhe) bei etwa 30 %. Dies spricht für die Relevanz von Selektionsfaktoren bei Häufigkeits- und vermutlich auch Schweregradangaben von Suizidalität im stationären jugendpsychiatrischen Bereich.
Abstract. In this study 163 of 537 consecutively admitted adolescent psychiatric inpatients were found to have parasuicidal symptoms at admission, half of which consisted of parasuicidal ideation and parasuicidal behavior. Differences between parasuicidal and non parasuicidal adolescents were rare, and included sex, psychiatric diagnoses, parasuicidal events in the family and social environments, and substance abuse. Correlations between parasuicidal symptoms and severe psychiatric disorders such as depression, eating disorders, and schizophrenia in adolescents - unlike in adults - were not apparent. Exceptions were personality disorders and substance abuse. The proportion of parasuicidal symptoms was relatively low (in comparison with other studies), but still rather high (in comparison with other psychiatric symptoms).
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