Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Next article
Originalia

Eine Normierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der evaluativen Bewertung von 92 Substantiven

Published Online:April 15, 2015https://doi.org/10.1024//0044-3514.30.1.1

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Die evaluative Komponente von Einstellungen ist in vielen sozialpsychologischen Forschungsfeldern von Bedeutung. Um für zukünftige Untersuchungen in diesem Bereich eine normierte Skalierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der evaluativen Bewertung von Einstellungsobjekten bereitzustellen, wurde 72 Probanden die deutsche Übersetzung einer in der Einstellungsforschung bereits häufig verwendeten und standardisierten Menge von 92 Substantiven zur Beurteilung vorgelegt. Erhoben wurde neben der Wortlänge und der Worthäufigkeit die evaluative Bewertung auf einer bipolaren Skala, getrennte Ratings der Positivität und der Negativität auf unipolaren Skalen, zwei Indizes der Ambivalenz, der Prozentsatz von «positiv»-Antworten bei einer binären evaluativen Entscheidung sowie die mittlere Reaktionszeit bei der evaluativen Entscheidung. Die vollständigen Ergebnisse der Normierung werden in einem Anhang wiedergegeben.


Summary: The evaluative component of attitudes is of importance in many fields of social psychological research. In order to provide standardized norms of different aspects of the evaluative component of attitude objects for future studies in these fields, the German translation of a set of 92 nouns that was often used in previous attitude research was administered to 72 subjects. Evaluation on a bipolar scale, separate ratings of positivity and negativity on unipolar scales, two indices of ambivalence, the proportion of «positive»-answers in a binary evaluative decision task and the mean latency for this evaluative decision were recorded in addition to word length and word frequency. The complete results of the standardization are reproduced in an appendix.

Literatur

  • Allport, G. (1935). Attitudes. In C. Murchison (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology (pp. 789-844). Worchester, MA: Clark University Press . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ajzen, I. , Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior . Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bargh, J. A. , Chaiken, S. , Govender, R. , Pratto, F. (1992). The generality of the automatic attitude activation effect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 62, 893– 912 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bargh, J. A. , Chaiken, S. , Raymond, P. , Hymes, C. (1996). The automatic evaluation effect: Unconditional automatic attitude activation with a pronunciation task. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 32, 104– 128 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bierhoff, H. W. (1996). Neuere Erhebungsmethoden. In E. Erdfelder, R. Mausfeld, T. Meiser & G. Rudinger (Hrsg.), Handbuch Quantitative Methoden (S. 59-70). Weinheim: Psychologie Verlags Union . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Breckler, S. (1994). A comparison of numerical indexes for measuring attitude ambivalence. Educational and Psychological Measurement , 54, 350– 365 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cacioppo, J. T. , Gardner, W. L. , Berntson, G. G. (1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review , 1, 1– 18 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Cacioppo, J. T. , Berntson, G. G. (1994). Relationship between attitudes and evaluative space: A critical review, with emphasis on the separability of positive and negative substrates. Psychological Bulletin , 115, 401– 423 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Celex (1995). The Celex Lexical Database, Release 2 . Nijmegen: Centre for Lexical Information . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Chaiken, S. , Bargh, J. A. (1993). Occurrence versus moderation of the automatic attitude activation effect: Reply to Fazio. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64, 759– 765 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Chen, M. , Bargh, J. (1998). Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus . Manuskript eingereicht . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Converse, P. E. (1970). Attitudes and non-attitudes: Continuation of a dialogue. In D. E. Apter (Ed.), Ideology and discontent (pp. 206-261). New York: Free Press . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika , 16, 297– 334 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Eagly, A. H. , Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes . Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. (1986). How do attitudes guide behavior?. In R. M. Sorrentino & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 1, pp. 204-243). New York: Guilford . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. (1989). On the power and functionality of attitudes: The role of attitude accessibility. In A. R. Pratkanis, S. J. Breckler & A. G. Greenwald (Eds.), Attitude structure and function (pp. 153-179). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109). San Diego, CA: Academic Press . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. (1993). Variability in the likelihood of automatic attitude activation: Data reanalysis and commentary on Bargh, Chaiken, Govender & Pratto (1992). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 64, 753– 758 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. , Sanbonmatsu, D. M. , Powell, M. C. , Kardes, F. R. (1986). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 50, 229– 238 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fazio, R. H. , Williams, C. J. (1986). Attitude accessibility as a moderator of the attitude-perception and attitude-behavior relations: An investigation of the 1984 presidential election. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 51, 505– 514 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Fiedler, K. , Forgas, J. (1988). Affect, cognition and social behavior . Toronto: Hogrefe . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hager, W. , Hasselhorn, M. (1994). Handbuch deutschsprachiger Wortnormen . Göttingen: Hogrefe . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hudson, P. , Bergman, M. (1985). Lexical knowledge in word recognition: Word length and word frequency in naming and lexical decision tasks. Journal of Memory and Language , 24, 46– 58 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Jonas, K. , Brömer, P. , Diehl, M. (1998). Attitudinal ambivalence as a moderator of the consistency between attitudes and behaviors . Manuskript eingereicht . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Jonas, K. , Diehl, M. , Brömer, P. (1997). Effects of attitudinal ambivalence on information processing and attitude-intention consistency. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology , 33, 190– 210 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Judd, C. M. , Kulik, J. A. (1980). Schematic effects of social attitudes on information processing and recall. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 46, 1193– 1207 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kaplan, K. J. (1972). On the ambivalence-indifference problem in attitude theory and measurement: A suggested modification of the semantic differential technique. Psychological Bulletin , 77, 361– 372 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Katz, I. (1981). Stigma: A social psychological analysis . Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Klauer, K. C. (1998). Affective priming. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 8, pp. 67-103). Chichester: Wiley . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Klauer, K. C. , Musch, J. (1998). Affective priming: the puzzle of the naming task . Manuskript eingereicht . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Klopfer, F. J. , Madden, T. M. (1980). The middle-most choice on attitude items: Ambivalence, neutrality, or uncertainty?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 6, 97– 101 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Moore, B. S. , Isen, A. M. (1990). Affect and social behavior . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Musch, J. , Elze, A. , Klauer, K. C. (1998). Gibt es Wortlängeneffekte in der evaluativen Entscheidungsaufgabe?. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie , 45, 109– 119 . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Osgood, C. E. , Suci, G. J. , Tannenbaum, P. H. (1957). The measurement of meaning . Urbana: University of Illinois Press . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Powell, M. C. , Fazio, R. H. (1984). Attitude accessibility as a function of repeated attitudinal expression. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin , 10, 139– 148 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schwibbe, M. , Räder, K. , Schwibbe, M. , Geiken-Pophanken, G. (1981). Zum emotionalen Gehalt von Substantiven, Adjektiven und Verben. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie , 28, 486– 501 . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Sparks, P. , Hedderly, D. , Shepherd, R. (1992). An investigation into the relationship between perceived control, attitude variability and the consumption of two common foods. European Journal of Social Psychology , 22, 55– 71 . First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Stumpf, H. (1996). Klassische Testtheorie. In E. Erdfelder, R. Mausfeld, T. Meiser & G. Rudinger (Hrsg.), Handbuch Quantitative Methoden (S. 411-431). Weinheim: Psychologie Verlags Union . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Thompson, M. M. , Zanna, M. P. , Griffin, D. W. (1995). Let's not be indifferent about (attitudinal) ambivalence. In R. E. Petty & J. A. Krosnick (Eds.), Attitude strength: Antecedents and consequences (pp. 361-386). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wyer, R. S. , Gordon, S. E. (1984). The cognitive representation of social information. In R. S. Wyer & T. K. Srull (Eds.), Handbook of social cognition (Vol. 2, pp. 73-150). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum . First citation in articleGoogle Scholar