Modified Diet Supplementation With Group B Vitamins Changes Antioxidant Defense Activity Of Brain
Abstract
Abstract. The research aimed at effect of modified diet and supplementation with synthetic B vitamins on brain antioxidant status evaluation. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 10); group I – fed Basic Diet (BD), groups II-IV – Modified Diet (MD), where wheat flour replaced 83.5 % wheat and sucrose replaced 50 % maize. Groups I-II received only water, while group III (MD + AS) was given an aqueous vitamins solution supplementing deficiency from diet modification (MD + Adequate Supplementation: B1-0.94, B2-0.48, B6-0.5, niacin-1.9 mg); group IV (MD + ES) received a solution in order to supplement deficiency resulting from the change in diet and recommended prophylactic dose of vitamins (MD + Excessive Supplementation: B1-3.1, B2-2.3, B6-2.4, niacin-6.65 mg). The experimental phase lasted 6 weeks. Blood serum was examined, to determine glucose and iron concentration; determination of FRAP in plasma, in brain tissue the activities of GST, GPx, CAT, SOD, SH content, and FRAP. It was found that MD and MD + AS did not influence cereal antioxidant status. In brain tissue, MD + ES group exhibited an increased glycaemia (7.49 mmol×l-1p = 0.038) and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes activity (GST 0,099 U/mg protein p = 0.005; GPx 0,039 U/mg protein p = 0.007). Brain tissue of rats also exhibited larger content of protein bond SH in comparison to BD, MD and MD + AS groups (SH 414.6 mmol/g wet weight p < 0.001; p < 0.005). These findings suggest that, an excessive supplementation with vitamins B and niacin, in sucrose rich diet, may lead to enhancing activity of cellular antioxidant defense in brain tissue of rats.
Literature
(2005). Nutritional, dietary and postprandial oxidative stress. J Nutr, 135, 969–972.
(2015). Supplementation with riboflavin (vitamin B2) for migraine prophylaxis in adults and children: a review. Int J Vitam Nutr Res, 85, 79–87.
(2014). Vitamin intake from food supplements in a German cohort – is there a risk of excessive intake? Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 84, 152–162.
(2007). Vitamin transport and homeostasis in mammalian brain: focus on vitamins B and E. J Neurochem, 103, 425–438.
(2006). Antioxidant and prooxidant activities of B group vitamins in lipid peroxidation. J UOEH, 28, 359–368.
(2015). Role of vitamin B6 status on antioxidant defenses, glutathione, and related enzyme activities in mice with homocysteine-induced oxidative stress. Food Nutr Res, 59, 25702.
(2015). Meta-analysis reveals protective effects of vitamin B on stroke patients. Translat Neurosci, 6, 150–156.
(2012). Evaluation, in an animal model study, of the effect of diet composition change and diet supplementation with B-group vitamins on the concentration of 8-iPF2α-III in urine. JAFS 21, 748–758.
, (1993) AIN-93 purified diets for laboratory rodents: final report of the American Institute of Nutrition ad hoc writing committee on the reformulation of the AIN-76 rodent diet. J Nutr, 123, 1939–1951.
FAO . (2003). Food energy – methods of analysis and conversion factors. Chapter 2: Methods of food analysis. Food and Nutrition Paper, 77, 12–14.EFSA (2006) Tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and minerals . European Food Safety. Authority Scientific Committee on Food Scientific Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies. ISBN: 92-9199-014-0.(1969). Quantitative determination of glucose using the GOP-PAP method. Clin Biochem, 6, 24–27.
(1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay. Anal Biochem, 239, 70–76.
(1967). Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase. J Lab Clin Med, 70, 158–169.
(1974). Involvement of superoxide anion radical in the auto oxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biochem, 47, 469–474.
(2007). Rapid kinetic microassay for catalase activity. J Biomol Tech, 18, 185–187.
(1974). Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem, 249, 7130–7139.
(1968). Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman‘s reagent. Anal Biochem, 25, 192–205.
(1976). A rapid, and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of proteins utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem, 72, 248–254.
(2008). Preferences of 14 rat strains for 17 taste compounds. Physiol Behav, 95, 308–332.
(2010). Effects on body mass of laboratory rats after ingestion of drinking water with sucrose, fructose, aspartame, and sucralose additives. Open Obes J, 2, 116–124.
(2012). The role of glucose transporters in brain disease: aiabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci, 13, 12629–12655.
(2014). Niacin increased glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels in sedentary nondiabetic postmenopausal women. Int J Womens Health 6, 913–920.
(2011). Thiamine deficiency in diabetes mellitus and the impact of thiamine replacement on glucose metabolism and vascular disease. Int J Clin Pract, 65, 684–690.
(2011). Important considerations for treatment with dietary supplement versus prescription niacin products. Postgrad Med, 123, 70–83.
(2009). Nicotinamide overload may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. World J Gastroenterol, 15, 5674–5684.
(1995). Tissue B-6 vitamer concentrations in rats fed excess vitamin B-6. J Nutr, 125, 2370–2378.
(2005). Effects of excess vitamin B6 intake on cerebral cortex neurons in rat: an ultrastructural study. Histochem Cytobiol, 43, 143–150.
(2004). Expression of superoxide dismutase in hyperglycemic focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Neurochem Int, 45, 1167–1174.
(1999). Mechanisms of protection of catalase by NADPH. Kinetics and stoichiometry. J Biol Chem, 274, 13908–13914.
(2015). Role of vitamin B6 status on antioxidant defenses, glutathione, and related enzyme activities in mice with homocysteine-induced oxidative stress. Food Nutr Res, 29, 25702.
(2003). Thiols are main determinants of total antioxidant capacity of cellular homogenates. Free Radic Res, 37, 537–541.
(2005). Oxalomalate, a competitive inhibitor of NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase, regulates lipid peroxidation-mediated apoptosis in U937 cells. Free Radic Res, 39, 89–94.
(2009). A human vitamin B12 trafficking protein uses glutathione transferase activity for processing alkylcobalamins. J Biol Chem, 27, 33418–24.
(2013). An association of hyperglycemia with plasma malondialdehyde and atherogenic lipid risk factors in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. J Res Med Sci, 8, 89–93.
