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Originalarbeit

Angehörige Suchtkranker: Prävalenz, Gesundheitsverhalten und Depressivität

Published Online:July 03, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000530

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Internationale Studien belegen eine erhöhte gesundheitsbezogene Morbidität bei Angehörigen von Suchtkranken. Ziel der Studie ist die Einschätzung des Ausmaßes des Problems und von Belastungsmaßen bei Angehörigen außerhalb des Suchthilfesystems in Deutschland. Methodik: In Arztpraxen und Allgemeinkrankenhäusern wurden konsekutiv aufgenommene Patienten im Alter von 18 bis 64 Jahren (N = 2.773) im Rahmen eines Gesundheitsscreenings befragt, ob bei einem Angehörigen eine Suchterkrankung (außer Tabakgebrauchsstörung) akut oder remittiert vorliegt. Das Verwandtschaftsverhältnis und die Art der Suchterkrankung wurden spezifiziert. Zusätzlich wurden Depressivität und Gesundheitsverhalten der Patienten erfasst. Patienten ohne suchtkranken Angehörigen wurden verglichen mit Angehörigen von aktual bzw. remittierten suchtkranken Angehörigen. Ergebnisse: Insgesamt gaben 12,7 % (95 % CI 11,4–14,0) der Befragten an, einen suchtkranken Angehörigen mit bestehender Suchterkrankung in den letzten 12 Monaten zu haben, weitere 6,5 % (95 % CI 5,6–7,4) gaben an, einen Angehörigen zu haben, dessen Suchterkrankung schon länger als 12 Monate zurücklag. Die Prävalenz war bei Krankenhauspatienten signifikant erhöht. Bei Kontrolle auf soziodemographische und gesundheitsbezogene Verhaltensweisen wiesen Angehörige Suchtkranker gegenüber der Referenzpopulation erhöhte Depressionswerte auf. Schlussfolgerung: Angehörige von Suchtkranken stellen eine vulnerable, hochprävalente Population bei Patienten der medizinischen Basisversorgung dar. Wirksame Behandlungsansätze liegen vor und könnten zu einer Belastungsreduktion in dieser Gruppe beitragen.


Family Members of Individuals suffering from addiction: Prevalence, Health Behavior and Depressive mood

Abstract.Background: International studies have revealed elevated health-related morbidity in relatives of individuals with addictive disorders. Aim of the present study is to estimate the prevalence of the problem and the level of impairment in relatives of individuals with addiction disorders not engaged in the addiction treatment system in Germany. Methods: As a part of a health screening, patients aged 18–64 yrs. from general practices and general hospitals (N = 2,273) were asked if they had a relative with a present or remitted addictive disorder (tobacco use disorder excluded). Relationship status and type of addiction were specified. In addition, depressive mood and health behaviour of patients were assessed. Patients without addicted relative were compared to patients with current or remitted addicted relatives, respectively. Results: In the whole sample, 12.7 % (95 CI 11.4–14.0) of all respondents mentioned to have a relative with a present addictive disorder and another 6.5 % (95 % CI 5.6–7.4) reported to have a relative with a remitted addictive disorder. Prevalence rates were significantly elevated in general hospital patients. When controlling for sociodemographic variables and health-related behaviours, relatives revealed elevated depression scores compared to controls. Conclusions: Relatives of individuals with addictive disorders are a vulnerable population and highly prevalent among patients in primary care. Evidence-based treatment options exist and might help to reduce strain in this group.

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