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Originalarbeit

Früher Einstieg in den Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum - Indikator für eine erhöhte Suchtgefährdung?

Published Online:March 01, 2007https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.35.2.137

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Der frühzeitige Beginn des Substanzkonsums gilt aufgrund mehrerer US-amerikanischer Studien als einer der besten Prädiktoren späterer Suchtprobleme. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird der Einfluss des frühen Einstiegsalters auf das Suchtverhalten in einer Kultur überprüft, die damit vergleichsweise freizügig umgeht und in der Jugendliche daher auch früher mit dem Konsum beginnen und höhere Konsumraten aufweisen. Methodik: In einer prospektiven Längsschnittstudie an einer Geburtskohorte von 384 Risikokindern wurden das Erstkonsumalter für Tabak und Alkohol, das Alter bei Beginn des regelmäßigen Konsums sowie verschiedene Parameter des Alkohol- und Tabakkonsums mit 15 Jahren erhoben. Ergebnisse: Das Konsumverhalten (Häufigkeit und Menge) sowie das Rauschtrinken als spezifisches Konsummuster und erste Symptome von Tabakabhängigkeit können durch das Alter beim Erstkonsum signifikant vorhergesagt werden. Beim Tabakkonsum und bei den weiblichen Jugendlichen ist dieser Zusammenhang generell höher. Schlussfolgerungen: Ein frühes Einstiegsalter stellt auch bei deutschen Jugendlichen einen Risikofaktor für den Alkohol- und Tabakkonsum in einem sehr frühen Stadium dar. Zu prüfen bleibt, ob es sich dabei um einen kausalen oder nichtkausalen Zusammenhang handelt.


Early onset of alcohol and tobacco use - indicator of enhanced risk of addiction?

Summary:Objectives: The early onset of substance use is considered to be one of the best predictors of later addiction problems according to a number of U.S.-American studies. The current study investigates the influence of an early age of substance use on addiction behavior in a culture whose attitude towards it is relatively permissive and in which adolescents thus begin to use the substances earlier and exhibit higher rates of consumption. Methods: In a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort of 384 children at risk, the age at first use of tobacco and alcohol and at begin of regular consumption, as well as different parameters of alcohol and tobacco consumption were assessed at the age of 15 years. Results: The age at first use proved to be a significant predictor of consumption behavior (frequency and amounts), as well as of binge drinking as a specific consumption pattern, and of initial symptoms of tobacco dependency at the age of 15 years. The correlation is higher in general for tobacco consumption and for female adolescents. Conclusions: The findings replicate in a German sample the role of the age of first use as a significant risk factor for consumption of alcohol and tobacco even at a very early stage of substance use. It remains for future studies to investigate whether the relationship is causal or noncausal.

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