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Originalarbeiten/Original articles

Unterschiede in der Qualität des Körper- und Blickkontakts bei Säuglingen mit und ohne Regulationsstörung

Published Online:October 21, 2014https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000317

Abstract

Fragestellung: Wie eine Vielzahl von Studien belegen, ist Körperkontakt entscheidend für Gesundheit, Regulation und Entwicklung des Säuglings sowie die Eltern-Kind-Interaktion. Daher wäre gerade für Säuglinge mit Regulationsstörungen (wie exzessivem Schreien, Schlaf- und Fütterproblemen) ein qualitativ hochwertiger Körperkontakt wünschenswert. Vorausgegangene Beobachtungen im Rahmen der Elternberatung deuteten darauf hin, dass gerade diese Säuglinge eher einen schlechten Körper- und Blickkontakt aufweisen. Dies war der Ausgangspunkt der vorliegenden Studie, in der Säuglinge mit und ohne Regulationsstörung bezüglich ihres Körper- und Blickkontakts miteinander verglichen wurden. Methodik: Die Qualität des Körper- und die Dauer des Blickkontakts wurden anhand von Videoaufzeichnungen der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion mittels Rating ausgewertet. Zusätzlich wurde die tägliche Dauer von Schreien, Schlafen, Füttern, Unruhe und ruhiger Beschäftigung mit Hilfe eines Tagebuchs erfasst. Ergebnisse: Säuglinge mit einer Regulationsstörung zeigten einen schlechteren Körperkontakt (p < .01) und weniger Blickkontakt (p < .01). In nahezu allen Tagebuchvariablen zeigten sich signifikante Gruppenunterschiede. Schlussfolgerungen: Offensichtlich können Körper- und Blickkontakt, grundlegende kommunikative Fähigkeiten, bei Säuglingen mit Regulationsstörungen blockiert sein. Dies kann sich ungünstig auf die Regulationsproblematik auswirken. Therapeutische Maßnahmen mit betroffenen Kindern und ihren Eltern sollten daher auch auf eine Verbesserung der Fähigkeit zu Körper- und Blickkontakt abzielen.

Objective: Numerous studies have emphasized the importance of body contact for health, regulation, and development of infants as well as for parent-child interaction. Especially for infants with regulatory disorders (such as excessive crying, sleeping, and feeding problems), high-quality physical contact would be desirable. Observations in the context of parental counseling suggest that precisely these infants have a poor quality of body and eye contact. The present study compares infants with and without regulatory disorders with respect to their body and eye contact. Methods: Quality of body contact and amount of eye contact were examined by means of video ratings of the mother-child interaction. In addition, we measured the daily amount of crying, sleeping, feeding, being fussy, and quiet play in an infant behavior diary. Results: Infants with regulatory disorders scored worse in body contact (p < .01) and gaze contact (p < .001). There were also significant differences in most of the diary variables. Conclusions: Body and eye contact – basic communication skills – may be disturbed in infants with regulatory disorders, which could have an adverse effect on the regulation problems. Therapeutic interventions with affected children and their parents should aim at improving the ability of body and eye contact.

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