Wie du mir, so ich dir?
Die Entwicklung von prosozialem Verhalten und der Zusammenhang mit externalisierenden und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Andere Menschen zu unterstützen, ist ein grundlegender Bestandteil der menschlichen Gesellschaft. Dieses sogenannte prosoziale Verhalten kann sich durch Hilfeverhalten, Kooperation und Teilen ausdrücken. In diesem Artikel wird ein Überblick über die Entwicklung von Prosozialität in der Kindheit gegeben sowie über den Zusammenhang von Prosozialität und externalisierenden und internalisierenden Auffälligkeiten. Insbesondere externalisierende Auffälligkeiten sind negativ mit prosozialem Verhalten assoziiert. Dagegen ist die Befundlage für internalisierende Auffälligkeiten heterogener. In Untersuchungen von individuellen Entwicklungsverläufen wird jedoch deutlich, dass prosoziales Verhalten und externalisierende Auffälligkeiten nicht gegensätzliche Enden eines Kontinuums darstellen, sondern vielmehr zwei unabhängige Dimensionen, die in der Entwicklung auch gemeinsam auftreten können. Dies gilt auch für internalisierende Auffälligkeiten, die sowohl mit stark als auch schwach ausgeprägter Prosozialität einhergehen können.
Abstract. Supporting other human beings is a fundamental aspect of human societies. Such so-called prosocial behavior is expressed in helping others, cooperating and sharing with them. This article gives an overview both of the development of prosocial behavior across childhood and of the relationship between prosociality and externalizing and internalizing problems. Especially externalizing problems are negatively associated with prosocial behavior, whereas the relationships with prosocial behavior are more heterogeneous for internalizing problems. Studies investigating developmental trajectories demonstrate that prosocial behavior and externalizing problems are not opposite ends of a continuum. Rather, they are two independent dimensions that may also co-occur in development. The same applies to internalizing problems, which can co-occur with pronounced prosociality as well as with low prosociality.
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