Exekutive Funktionen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: In diesem Übersichts-Artikel wird eine Taxonomie exekutiver Funktionen auf der Basis neuropsychologischer Modelle vorgestellt, an der sich eine klinische Diagnostik orientieren kann. Unterschieden werden vier Regulationsebenen, kognitive Regulation, Aktivitätsregulation, emotionale Regulation und soziale Regulation, denen sich klinisch beobachtbare Phänomene bei Störungen exekutiver Funktionen zuordnen lassen. Schließlich werden die besonderen Probleme thematisiert, die sich bei der Diagnostik exekutiver Funktionen hinsichtlich ökologischer Validität, Konstruktvalidität, Reliabilität und anderer methodischer Kriterien stellen.
Abstract: This review article proposes a taxonomy of executive functions based on neuropsychological models. The goal is to present a multidimensional framework of executive functions and associated diagnostic paradigms which might guide the clinical neuropsychological assessment. The taxonomy comprises four levels of regulation - regulation of cognition, activity, emotion and social behaviour. Within this framework, clinical behavioural problems due to executive function deficits can be categorized. Finally, the methodological problems associated with the assessment of executive functions, such as ecological validity, construct validity, reliability and other aspects are discussed.
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